مطالعه تطبیقی طرق اثبات عنن در فقه اسلامی، قانون ایران و قانون عراق

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران. ایران.

چکیده

عنن یا ناتوانی جنسی در مردان، عارضه و بیماری مخفی است که برای اثبات آن، امکان تمسک به برخی از طرق اثبات دعوا که در فقه اسلامی و قوانین موضوعه مطرح شده است، وجود ندارد. برخی از فقهای امامیه و اهل سنت، با این دلیل که بیماری عنن، تنها از سوی خود شخص، قابل‌تشخیص می‌باشد، قائل به مسموع نبودن دلایلی نظیر شهادت برای اثبات عنن، بوده و حتی راه‌هایی نظیر گواهی پزشکی قانونی که از طریق آزمایش‌های دقیق به تشخیص بیماری مذکور می‌پردازد، را قابل‌پذیرش نمی‌دانند؛ اما در مقابل گروه دیگری از فقهای اسلامی، شهادت شهود و اقامه‌ی بیّنه در اثبات عنن را مسموع دانسته و معتقدند که چنانچه شهادت شهود از طریق اهل خبره و قرائن و اماراتی باشد که منجر به علم قطعی به ناتوانی جنسی شخص گردد، می‌تواند مستند رأی قاضی برای اثبات عنن قرار گیرد. در حقوق ایران با توجه به مسکوت بودن قانون در خصوص راه‌های اثبات عنن، رویه دادگاه‌ها بدین نحو است که جهت تشخیص بیماری مذکور، شخص را به پزشکی قانونی ارجاع داده و نظر کارشناس و گواهی پزشکی قانونی را مبنای حکم قرار می‌دهند، هر چند می‌توان مطابق ادله‌ دیگری نظیر اقرار و شهادت که در اثبات دعاوی حقوقی کاربرد دارند به اثبات عنین بودن شخص پرداخت. در قانون عراق نیز تنها راه اثبات ناتوانی جنسی زوج و ابتلای او به بیماری عنن، نظر کمیسیون پزشکی قانونی در نظر گرفته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of the Ways of Proving Anan in Islamic Jurisprudence, Iranian Law, and Iraqi Law

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahdi Rahmani
Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Kharazmi University, Tehran. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Anan or sexual impotence in men is a hidden complication and disease, which cannot be proven by relying on some methods of proof of litigation that are proposed in Islamic jurisprudence and laws.  Some Imamiyyah and Sunni jurists believe that since the illness of Anan can only be diagnosed by the person himself, evidence such as testimony is not acceptable to prove Anan. And they don't even consider ways such as a forensic medical certificate that diagnoses the said disease through detailed tests;. However, in contrast to these jurists, another group of Islamic jurists considers the testimony of witnesses to prove the Anan and believe that if the witnesses’ testimony is through experts and evidence, which leads to definitive knowledge of a person's sexual impotence, it can be a document of the judge's decision. In Iranian Law, due to the silence of the law regarding the ways of proving the disease, the procedure of the courts is that in order to diagnose the mentioned disease, they refer the person to the forensic medicine and make the expert’s opinion and the forensic medical certificate the basis of the verdict. However, it is possible to prove the objectivity of a person according to other evidence such as confession and testimony that are used to prove legal claims. In Iraqi law, the opinion of the Forensic Medicine Commission is considered the only way to prove the sexual impotence of the couple and his suffering from ennin's disease. In Iraqi law, the opinion of the Forensic Medicine Commission is considered the only way to prove the sexual impotence of the couple and his suffering from Anan's disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anan
  • Islamic jurisprudence
  • Witness testimony
  • Forensic medical certificate
  • Methods of proof
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