روش‌ها و آثار تحصیل تابعیت در ایران با نگاهی تطبیقی به حقوق فرانسه و انگلستان

طالبی قادیکلایی, سودابه; محمدی جوزانی, عبدالعلی; باباپور, محمد

doi:10.22080/lps.2023.24509.1430

روش‌ها و آثار تحصیل تابعیت در ایران با نگاهی تطبیقی به حقوق فرانسه و انگلستان

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، واحد ورامین پیشوا ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

² استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد ورامین پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

³ استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد ورامین پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22080/lps.2023.24509.1430

چکیده

بحث تابعیت و تابعیت اکتسابی، یکی از مباحث جدی و پرچالش در پژوهش‌ها و فرآیندهای حقوقی است. منظور از تابعیت اکتسابی، اخذ تابعیت جدید با فاصله مدتی پس از تولد، برای یک شخص است. چنانچه شخصی به فاصله مدتی بعد از تولد، دارای تابعیت جدیدی گردد، این تابعیت را تابعیت اکتسابی می‌نامند. هدف این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی – تحلیلی صورت گرفته است، شناسایی آثار تابعیت اکتسابی در نظام حقوقی ایران و کشورهای انگلستان و فرانسه است. علت انتخاب این دو نظام حقوقی، قدمت قوانین در حوزه تابعیت و مترقی بودن قوانین این کشورهاست. پژوهش‌گر به دنبال پاسخ به پرسش اصلی پژوهش است که آثار تابعیت اکتسابی در هریک از این نظام‌های حقوقی به چه شکل است؟ سؤال دیگر این است که این آثار دارای چه شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌هایی هستند؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد آثار تابعیت اکتسابی در نظام حقوقی ایران، فرانسه و انگلستان شامل حقوق و تکالیف است. اشخاصی که تابعیت این کشورها را به دست بیاورند، از کلیه حقوقی که برای شهروندان عادی مقرر است، بهره‌مند می‌شوند ولیکن از برخی مشاغل محرومند. تکالیف فردی که تابعیت ایران را کسب کرده، شامل مواردی همچون مالیات، انجام خدمت نظام وظیفه، اطاعت و حق‌شناسی نسبت به دولت ایران و احترام نسبت به حیثیت و شئون ملی است. تحصیل تابعیت اکتسابی در حقوق ایران، فرانسه و انگلستان دارای آثاری بر زوجه (ازدواج دائم و موقت) و فرزند (فرزند نسبی اعم از مشروع یا نامشروع یا فرزند متولد از مادر جانشین و فرزندخوانده) نیز هست. قوانین دو کشور انگلستان و فرانسه قابلیت جذب افراد مستعد را دارد، لیکن قوانین ایران نیازمند بازنگری است. این بازنگری می‌تواند شامل شرایط و آثار جدید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237566.1402.7.2.7.3

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Methods and Effects of Acquiring Citizenship in Iran with a Comparative View of French and English Law

نویسندگان [English]

Soudabeh Talebi Qadikolaei ¹
Abdolali Mohammadi Jozani ²
Mohammad Babapour ³

¹ PhD student in private law, Varamin Pishva branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The issue of citizenship and acquired citizenship is one of the serious and challenging issues in research and legal processes. Acquired citizenship is the acquisition of new citizenship for a person after a period of time after birth; if a person acquires new citizenship shortly after birth, it is called acquired citizenship. The purpose of this research, which was carried out in a descriptiveanalyticalway, is to identify the effects of acquired citizenship in the legal systems of Iran and the countries of England and France. The reason for choosing these two legal systems is the laws in the field of citizenship and the progressiveness of the laws of these countries. The researcher seeks to answer the main question of the research that the effects of acquired citizenship in each of these What are legal systems like?Another question is, what are the similarities and differences between these works? The results of the research show that the effects of acquired citizenship in the legal system of Iran, France, and England include rights and duties; Persons who acquire the citizenship of these countries enjoy all the rights that are prescribed for ordinary citizens, but some Jobs are denied. The duties of a person who has acquired Iranian citizenship include things such as taxes, performing military service, obeying and recognizing the rights of the Iranian government, and respecting national dignity and affairs. Obtaining acquired citizenship in Iran, France, and England laws has effects on the wife (permanent and temporary marriage) and child (relative child, whether legitimate or illegitimate or child born from a surrogate mother and adopted child). The laws of England and France can attract talented people, but Iran's laws need to be revised. This revision may include new terms and works.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Acquired citizenship
Effects of acquiring citizenship
Iranian legal system
English legal system
French legal system

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