مطالعه تطبیقی مسئولیت ناشی از ضررآینده درحقوق ایران و فرانسه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی ، واحد آیت الله آملی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

3 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

بی تردید هدف از وضع قواعد مسئولیت مدنی، جبران ضرر است. به تعبیر دیگر و از منظر فنی، باید زیانی به بار آید تا برای جبران آن، مسئولیتِی ایجاد شده و دینی برعهده مسئول قرار گیرد. فی­الواقع حدوث و بقای مسئولیت مدنی منوط به وجود فعلی ضرر است و کمیت و کیفیت در اصل مسئولیت دخالتی ندارد. به تعبیری، قاعده حاکم بر مسئولیت مدنی، قاعده همه یا هیچ است. یعنی مسئولیت با تحقق ضرر، موجود و با عدم آن، معدوم تلقی می­گردد. حالیه با ملحوظ نظر قرار دادن یکی از شرایط ضرر قابل مطالبه، که باید در گذشته مسلم باشد و اینکه به صرف احتمال ورود زیان، نمی­توان کسی را به جبران خسارت محکوم کرد، این پژوهش در صدد یافتن پاسخی به این پرسش است که آیا با قوانین و مقررات موضوعه ایران و حقوق فرانسه و از طریق کارگرد بازدارندگی مسئولیت مدنی می توان جایگاهی برای ضرر آینده و مآلاً جبران آن متصور بود. یافته های این پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که ضرر احتمالی، ضرری است که احتمال و امکان تحقق و به همین میزان عدم تحقق آن در آینده وجود دارد اما ضرر آینده ضرری است که عرفاً وجود و تحقق آن در آینده حتمی و مسلم بوده و مقتضی وجود آنها حاصل شده باشد به نحوی که این گونه منافع را عرف و قانون در حکم موجود دانند که چنین خسارتی، یقیناً قابل مطالبه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Liability Resulting from Future Loss in Jurisprudence and Law of Iran with France

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Ali Mirzajani RoodPoshti 1
  • Mehdi Fallah Kharyeki 2
  • seyyed Hasan Hosseini Moghadam 3
1 PhD student in private law, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
3 Assistant Professor. Faculty of Law and Political Science at University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Undoubtedly, the purpose of establishing the rules of civil liability is to compensate for the loss. In other words and from a technical point of view, a loss must be caused to compensate for it, responsibility should be created, and religion should be responsible. In fact, the occurrence and survival of civil liability depend on the current existence of damage, and quantity and quality are not involved in the principle of liability. In other words, the rule governing civil liability is the rule of all or nothing. That is, the responsibility is considered to exist when the loss is realized, and to be extinguished when it is not. Meanwhile, taking into account one of the conditions of claimable loss, which must be certain in the past and that one cannot be sentenced to compensation based on the mere possibility of loss, this research seeks to find an answer to this question: Considering Iran’s and France’s laws and regulations and through the prevention of civil liability, it is possible to imagine a place for future loss and the possibility of compensation? The findings of this research indicate that a possible loss is a loss that has the possibility of its realization in the future, but a future loss is a loss whose existence and realization in the future are certain and the necessity of its existence has been achieved in such a way that a country’s custom and law consider such losses to be definitely claimable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Future loss
  • Civil liability
  • Jurisprudence rule
  • Judicial procedure
  • Non-profit

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 اردیبهشت 1402

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