تعیین ساز و کار اجرایی اصل 75 قانون اساسی ایران با مقایسه اجرای اصل مشابه در نظام حقوقی فرانسه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

به موجب اصل 71 قانون اساسی ایران صلاحیت عام قانونگذاری به مجلس شورای اسلامی اختصاص یافته است. این صلاحیت عام به موجب اصول مختلف محدود گردیده است که از جمله آنها محدودیت مندرج در اصل 75 قانون اساسی می باشد. چنین وضعی در نظام حقوقی فرانسه در اصل 34 و 40 قانون اساسی دیده می شود. به موجب اصل 75 قانون اساسی ایران و اصل 40 قانون اساسی فرانسه طرح و پیشنهادی که منجر به کاهش درآمد عمومی یا افزایش هزینه عمومی می گردد اجازه طرح در مجلس را ندارد. حوزه عملکرد مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران در اجرای اصل 75 ق.ا در طول سالیان پس از تصویب قانون اساسی، همواره محل اختلاف میان مجلس و شورای نگهبان از یک سو و مجلس و قوه مجریه از سوی دیگر بوده است. ضرورت اصلاح ساختار موجود موجب گردید تا رهبری معظم انقلاب در ذیل بند 11 سیاست‌های کلی نظام قانون‌گذاری ابلاغی مهرماه 1398، ضرورت تعیین ساز و کاری از سوی مجلس شورای اسلامی برای تشخیص قابلیت طرح پیشنهادات نمایندگان در مجلس (موضوع اصل ۷۵ قانون اساسی) قبل از تسلیم و اعلام وصول طرح را مطرح نمایند. نظر به پیش بینی سازوکار مناسب در نظام حقوقی فرانسه در این پژوهش به دنبال رفع چالش های اصل 75 بر اساس دستاورهای اصل 40 قانون اساسی فرانسه هستیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the enforcement mechanism of Article 75 of the Iranian Constitution, By comparing the implementation of a similar principle in the French legal system

نویسنده [English]

  • Elahe Marandi
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Legislation under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Article 71) and France (Article 34 lies within the jurisdiction of the legislature. However, under the constitution, this right of legislation has essential restrictions. Article 75 of the Iranian Constitution and Article 40 of the French Constitution formulate the most important restrictions. This constitutional principle does not allow the Legislature to pass proposals and suggestions that will reduce public income or increase public expenditure.

In past years, many questions about the role of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the implementation of Article 75 have been raised and led to conflict and disputes between parliament, the Guardian Council and Executive Power. However, in France clear rules and proper mechanism in this regard has been devised which prevent the occurrence of such problems. Examining the French approach can prepare the ground for removing ambiguities in Article 75 of the Iranian constitution.

Considering the necessity of the comparative study on Article 75, the central aim of this paper is to study the mechanism followed in implementing Article 40 of the French Constitution. This study shows that the French legal system has provided certain rules that determine the parliamentary jurisdiction by using expert opinion and thus does not allow the proposals in conflict with Article 40 to be presented in the Parliament.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Article 40 of the French Constitution
  • Article 75 of the Iranian Constitution
  • Parliamentary jurisdiction
  • Proposal
  • Budget proposal
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