سبز شدن حقوق بشر: تاملی بر شکل گیری و تحول «حقوق بشر زیست محیطی»

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ ارشد حقوق عمومی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

چکیده

گفتمان حقوق بشر تا سالیان مدیدی به موضوعات مرتبط با محیط زیست توجهی نداشت. پس از شکل گیری بحران محیط زیست، این مسئله مطرح شده که آیا موضوعات زیست محیطی می‌توانند ابعاد حقوق بشری داشته باشند(سویه نخست) یا مسائل حقوق بشری نیز می-توانند ابعاد زیست محیطی به خود بگیرند؟( سویه دوم) در این مقاله سعی شده است تا با روش تحلیلی- توصیفی فرآیند و چگونکی شکل گیری برخی ابعاد حقوق بشری مسائل زیست محیطی و نیز برخی ابعاد زیست محیطی مسائل حقوق بشری تحلیل و بررسی گردند. فرآیند شکل گیری حقوق بشر زیست محیطی نیز بویژه پس از صدور اعلامیه‌های استکهلم و ریو نشان می‌دهد که حقوق بشر (با وجود اسنادی که قدمت بیشتری دارد) و محیط زیست تا به امروز به موازات هم توسعه یافته‌اند. حق برآب سالم، حق بر هوای پاک، حق بر محیط آرام، حق دسترسی به اطلاعات زیست محیطی، حق مشارکت در تصمیم گیری‌های زیست محیطی و حق دسترسی به عدالت در موضوعات زیست محیطی از مهمترین و معروفترین مولفه‌های سبز شدن حقوق بشر به شمار می‌روند. فرض اساسی نویسنده در پاسخ به سئوال اصلی که( آیا مسائل زیست محیطی ابعاد حقوق بشری دارند و می‌توان گفت موضوعات حقوق بشری ابعاد زیست محیطی به خود گیرند؟ ) این است که امروزه مواجه با تلقی خاصی از حقوق بشر هستیم که باید آن‌را سبز شدن حقوق بشر یا همان «حقوق بشر زیست محیطی» نام نهاد. لزوم توجه به مناسبات نزدیک میان حقوق بشر و محیط زیست، از جمله اینکه، از سویی تحقق بسیاری از حق‌های بشری به تحقق محیط زیست سالم وابسته است. از سویی دیگر حقوق محیط زیست نیز برای اجرای مطلوبتر نیازمند به حقوق بشر است، مهمترین یافته این مقاله می‌تواند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Human Rights and the Environment: a Reflection on the Formation and Evolution of "Environmental Human Rights" in International Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mashhadi 1
  • Reyhaneh Hamedi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law , Qom University, Qom, Iran.
2 MA. Student in public law, Qom University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

For many years, human rights discourse did not pay attention to issues related to the environment. After the formation of the environmental crisis, the topic has been raised whether environmental issues can have human rights dimensions (first layer) or whether human rights issues can also take on environmental dimensions (second layer). The present study follows an analytical-descriptive approach to describe some aspects of human rights and environmental issues, as well as some environmental aspects of human rights issues, and investigate how they are formed. The process of the formation of environmental human rights, especially after the Stockholm and Rio Declarations, shows that human rights (despite older documents) and the environment have developed in parallel until today. The right to clean water, the right to clean air, the right to a peaceful environment, the right to access environmental information, the right to participate in environmental decision-making, and the right to access justice in environmental issues are among the most important and famous components of the development of human rights. The authors’ basic assumption in response to the main question (Do environmental issues have human rights dimensions and can it be said that human rights issues take on environmental dimensions?) is that today, people are faced with a special perception of human rights that should be called the greening of human rights or "environmental human rights". The need to pay attention to the close relationship between human rights and the environment, including the fact that the realization of many human rights depends on the realization of a healthy environment and also environmental rights also require human rights for better implementation, can be the most important finding of this research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Greeting of human rights
  • Rights to the environment
  • Environmental human rights
  • Right to clean water
  • Right to clean air
  • Stockholm Declaration

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 دی 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 دی 1401

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