موانع شناسایی و اجرای رای داوری در کنوانسیون نیویورک راجع به شناسایی و اجرای آرای داوری خارجی (1958) و قانون داوری تجاری بین المللی ایران (۱۳۷۶)

مافی, همایون; اسحقی, مهشید

doi:10.22080/lps.2022.24482.1418

موانع شناسایی و اجرای رای داوری در کنوانسیون نیویورک راجع به شناسایی و اجرای آرای داوری خارجی (1958) و قانون داوری تجاری بین المللی ایران (۱۳۷۶)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران.

² کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، موسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه ریزی، تهران، ایران.

10.22080/lps.2022.24482.1418

چکیده

کنوانسیون نیویورک در مورد شناسایی و اجرای آرای داوری خارجی (1958) به عنوان موفق ترین سند چند جانبه در زمینه حقوق تجارت بین الملل به منظور افزایش کارایی نهاد داوری تنظیم شده است. این سند به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین اسناد فراملی که چارچوب اصلی رژیم بین المللی اجرای آراء داوری بر آن مبتنی است با هدف تسهیل اجرا و اثربخشی هرچه بیشتر آرای داوری ایجاد گردیده است. با این وجود، ماده 5 کنوانسیون نیویورک شرایطی را پیش‌بینی نموده است که در صورت تحقق، موجب عدم شناسایی اجرای رای داوری می‌شود. برخی از این موارد به استناد ماده (1)5 مستلزم استناد و اثبات از سوی خوانده رای داوری درکشور محل تقاضای اجرا بوده و محدود به قلمرو سرزمین متبوع دادگاهی است که رای را شناسایی یا اجرا می کند. برخی دیگر نیز به استناد ماده (2)5 برای مانعیت اجرای رای نیازمند احراز توسط دادگاه کشور محل شناسایی و اجراست و مواردی همچون نظم عمومی و قابل داوری بودن اختلاف را در بر می‌گیرد. این مقاله با مداقه و واکاوی در علل امتناع از شناسایی و اجرای آراء داوری در صدد است تا به حاکمیت اصل تفسیر مضیق به نفع اجرا و استثنائی بودن مبانی عدم شناسایی و اجرا مندرج در ماده 5 کنوانسیون بپردازد. کنوانسیون نیویورک و قانون داوری تجاری بین المللی ایران به طور تطبیقی با یکدیگر مقایسه می شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237566.1402.7.1.9.3

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Obstacles to Recognition and Enforcement of New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958) and International Commercial Arbitration Act of Iran (1995)

نویسندگان [English]

Homayoun Mafi ¹
Mahshid Eshaghi ²

¹ Professor, University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran.

² Master of Private Law, Institute for Management and Planning Studies, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958) is the most successful multilateral document in the field of international trade law, designed to increase the efficiency of the arbitral institution. This document, as one of the most important transnational documents on which the main framework of the international arbitration regime is based, has been created with the aim of facilitating the implementation and effectiveness of arbitration as much as possible. However, Article 5 of the New York Convention has been provided for a condition that, if fulfilled, the non-enforcement of the judgment would be arbitrated. Some of these cases, according to Article (1) 5, require citation and proof by the defendant of the arbitral award in the country where the request is made and are limited to the territory of the court that recognizes or enforces the award. Others, according to Article (2) 5, prevent the implementation of the needs required by the court of the country of identification and implementation, and cases such as public order, and the applicability of the dispute. This article examines the reasons for refusing to recognize and enforce arbitral awards to address the principle of narrow interpretation in favor of enforcement and the exclusion of the grounds for non-recognition and enforcement set forth in Article 5 of the Convention. The New York Convention and International Commercial Arbitration Act of Iran are reviewed in comparison to each other.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Obstacles
Award
New York Convention
Enforcement
Arbitration

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