خسارت و فسخ قرارداد؛ بازخوانی رویکرد حقوق ایران و مصر با نگاهی به رویه قضایی و فقه اسلامی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه الهیات، دانشکده ی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران

2 استادیار گروه الهیات، دانشکده ی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

در این نوشتار با روش تحلیلی توصیفی به بررسی این امر پرداخته شده است که از نظر حقوق ایران، مصر و فقه اسلامی بر چه مبنا و در چه شرایطی، حق جبران خسارت و نیز حق فسخ پدیدار می­ شود. در حقوق مصر با نقض تعهّد، متعهّدله آزاد است که قرارداد را نگه ­داشته و خسارت دریافت نماید و یا آن را برهم زند در حالی ­که در حقوق ایران و فقه اسلامی، نخستین حق پیش­ بینی شده برای وی، الزام متعهّد به انجام تعهّد خویش است. در حقوق ایران و فقه اسلامی، حق فسخ دستاورد تعذّر در الزام است نه تقابل تعهّدات و یا نقض بنیادین. البته در فقه ‏اسلامی از پیدایش حقّ خسارت قراردادی سخنی به میان نیامده و اگر هم خسارتی پیش ­بینی شده، مبنای آن قواعد ضمان قهری است. همچنین، در حقوق مصر برخلاف حقوق ایران و فقه اسلامی، یکی از شرایط مطالبه­ ی­ خسارت ‏یا فسخ قرارداد، ارائه هشدار مبنی بر اجرای تعهّد به متعهّد است. در حقوق این کشور در زمینه­ ی توافق بر میزان خسارت، برخلاف مادّه­ ی ­230 قانون مدنی ایران و نظریّه­ ی تعهّدات در فقه اسلامی، به دادگاه اختیار تعدیل مبلغ توافقی داده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Damages and Termination of Contract; A Review of Iran and Egypt Law Approach with a Look at Islamic Jurisprudence and Judicial Decisions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Miri 1
  • Ebrahim Javanmard 2
  • Mohammadhossein Taghipour darzi naghibi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Theology Department, Human Sciences Faculty, University of Gonbad Qavous, Gonbad Qavous, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Theology Department, Human Sciences Faculty, University of Gonbad Qavous, Gonbad Qavous, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this essay it has been studied that from the point of view of Iranian and Egyptian law and Islamic jurisprudence and with an analytical-descriptive method, on what basis and under what circumstances, arises the breach of the contract creates a right to compensation and the right of termination. In Egyptian law, after breaching an obligation, the oblige is free to keep the contract and receive damages or terminate it, while in Iranian law and Islamic jurisprudence, the first right available is the obligation of the obligor to fulfill his obligation. In Iranian law and Islamic jurisprudence, the right to terminate an agreement is the result of the failure of specific performance, not a confrontation of obligations or a fundamental breach. It is based on the rules of Tort, not breach of contract. Also, in Egyptian law, contrary to Iranian law and Islamic jurisprudence, one of the conditions for claiming damages or terminating a contract is to send a notice to the obligor to fulfill the obligation. Against Article 230 Iranian civil code, regarding on agreement on damages in Egyptian legal system courts have authority to adjust the agreed amount. . . . . . . . . . .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Damages
  • Termination of contract
  • Egypt
  • Iran
  • Breach of contract
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