اعلام اراده در اسناد تجاری؛ مطالعه حقوق ایران و کنوانسیون‌های ژنو و آنسیترال

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

صدور اسناد تجاری، چک، سفته و برات و ظهرنویسی یا ضمانت آنها و همچنین قبولی برات ناشی از اراده اشخاص است، مطابق قواعد عمومی قراردادها قصد انشا باید ابراز گردد تا سازنده عمل حقوقی باشد، این ابراز اصولاً می‌تواند به هر نحوی صورت پذیرد اما مطابق کنوانسونهای بین المللی ژنو و آنسیترال در خصوص اسناد تجاری، ابراز اراده به نحوی خاص مشخص گردیده است؛ زیرا حسب مورد با امضا یا مهر و گاه صرفاً با امضا باید صورت گیرد. رکن دیگر ابراز اراده و در واقع مرحله قطعی آن، تسلیم سند پس از امضا یا مهر است که باید با رضایت بعمل آید، حقوق ایران نسبت به اثر حقوقی تسلیم سند تجاری ساکت است، لکن در اسناد بین‌المللی و حقوق انگلیس به نقش تسلیم تصریح گردیده است. تسلیم سند علاوه بر مواردی مانند انتقال سند در وجه حامل و یا ظهرنویسی بدون نام که به نحو مستقل قصد اعلام اراده محسوب می‌گردد، در سایر موارد نیز باید در کنار امضاء مکمل و تمام‌کننده اعلام اراده محسوب گردد.
تسلیم سند علاوه بر مواردی مانند انتقال سند در وجه حامل و یا ظهرنویسی بدون نام که به نحو مستقل قصد اعلام اراده محسوب می‌گردد، در سایر موارد نیز باید در کنار امضاء مکمل و تمام‌کننده اعلام اراده محسوب گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Expression of Intention in Negotiations Instruments: A Study of the Law in Iran and Geneva and UNCITRAL Conventions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Shokri 1
  • Amir Ahmadi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Issuance of negotiations instruments, checks, promissory notes, bills of exchange, their endorsement or guarantee, as well as the acceptance of bills of exchange must be according to the general rules of contracts to be considered a legal act. However, according to the international conventions of Geneva and UNCITRAL regarding negotiations instruments, the meaning is specified using a signature and seal. The definitive stage of delivery of the document after signing, which must be done with consent, is also important. Iran's law is silent on the legal effect of submitting a negotiation instrument while it is defined as the role of submission in international documents and English Law. Transfer of a document is considered as the intention to declare the will, or a declaration of the will along with the complementary and final signature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Negotiations instruments
  • Intention expression
  • Sign
  • Seal
  • Delivery
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