اثرگذاری رسانه در ارتکاب و پیشگیری از جرم در پرتو جرم‌شناسی فرهنگی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق کیفری، واحد امارات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دوبی، امارات متحده عربی.

2 دانشیار مدعو، گروه حقوق کیفری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار مدعو، گروه حقوق کیفری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شاخه جرم ‌شناسی فرهنگی، بیش از سایر شاخه‌های جرم‌شناسی به تبیین و بررسی نقش رسانه‌ها در ارتکاب جرم و پیشگیری از جرم پرداخته است، لذا در این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی – تحلیلی تهیه و تنظیم شده است، مطالب مطروحه حول محور پاسخ به این پرسش اساسی بوده است که اصولاً از منظر جرم‌شناسی فرهنگی، رسانه چه تأثیری بر ارتکاب جرائم و پیشگیری از آن در جوامع دارد. یافته‌های پژوهش موید این است که این تأثیر در برخی موارد در پرتو بازتاب اطلاعات مربوط به جرائم صورت می‌پذیرد، نظیر عادی‌سازی جرم و گسترش خشونت یا تقلید و یادگیری و نظایر آن. جرم‌شناسی فرهنگی نیز در این خصوص قائل به این مسأله است که رسانه از طریق ترس اخلاقی، رویکرد عوام گرایی و نظایر آن بر افزایش ارتکاب جرم موثر خواهد بود. سایر نظریه‌ها مانند نظریه ایدئولوژی حاکم، کثرت‌گرایی و برچسب زنی نیز بر تأثیر رسانه بر ارتکاب جرم هم نظر هستند. نتایج تحقیق همین طور بیانگر این مسأله است که ظرفیت رسانه در فضای پیشگیری و مقابله با ارتکاب جرم نیز کارایی دارد و در مباحثی مانند آموزش عمومی و اطلاع رسانی اقدامات پیشگیرانه، برای پیشگیری از ارتکاب جرم کارکردهای قابل قبولی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effectiveness of the media in committing and preventing crime in the light of cultural criminology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamzeh Karaminaghibi 1
  • Behzad Razavifard 2
  • Hasanali Moazenzadegan 3
1 PhD student of criminal law and criminology, U.A.E Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, UAE.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing media diversity on the one hand, and the availability of traditional media (press, television) and modern media (cyberspace and social networks) on the other, have led criminologists to examine the effects of the media on crime. Carefully observed and studied Put. In this research, which has been prepared and arranged in a descriptive-analytical method, the issues raised have been around the answer to the basic question of ‘what negative role the media plays in increasing crime rates in societies from the perspective of criminology and its different approaches. The results and findings of the study confirm that traditional and modern media are effective in committing crime. This effect emanates from some cases such as the normalization of crime and the spread of violence, imitation, learning and an increase in Crime rates, change in the concept of crime, heroism, decline in media quality, disruption of the criminal justice process, the spread of prostitution, violation of privacy and the like. Different approaches to criminology in this regard also believe that the media through moral fear, broken window theory, social control theory, populist approach and the like will be effective in increasing crime. Other theories, such as the theory of prevailing ideology, pluralism, coercion and anomaly, labeling, and differential linking, agreed upon the effect of the media on crime.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Criminology
  • cultural criminology
  • media and crime
  • the impact of the media on crime
  • the impact of the media on crime prevention

مراجع

1.    Abbaszadeh, Mohammad Hassan, The role of mass media on the delinquency of children and adolescents, Master's thesis, Payam Noor University, Karaj Center, 2012. (In Persian)
2.     Abdulrahmani, Reza and Ayargar, Hossein, The effect of mass media on the occurrence and spread of individual conflicts, Danesh Tazami magazine, No. 73, 2016. (In Persian)
3.    Allahwerdi, Farhad, Cultural criminology approach to youth criminal justice, PhD dissertation, Tarbiat Modares University, 2014. (In Persian)
4.    Ansari, Bagher, Civil Responsibility of Public Media, Tehran, Publication of Vice-President of Research, Compilation and Revision of Laws and Regulations, 2018. (In Persian)
5.    Asiai, Roya, An introduction to cultural criminology, Tehran, Majid Publishing, 2017.(In Persian)
6.    Dadgaran, Mahmoud, Basics of Mass Communication, Tehran, Morvarid Publishing, 2015. (In Persian)
7.      Farajiha, Mohammad and Moghaddasi, Mohammad Bagher, characteristics of populist criminal policies, a comparative study, comparative law studies journal, number two, 2013. (In Persian)
8.     Firouzbakht, Mehrdad, Social construction of crime and media violence as a cause, Research and Analysis Journal, 8th year, number 26. 2001. (In Persian)
9.     Foroutan, Mohammad, Analysis of Cultural Criminology in Iran, Journal of Human Rights Research, No. 1, 2019. (In Persian)
10.     Giddens, Anthony, Sociology, translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Tehran, Ney Publishing, 1994. (In Persian)
11.    Habibzadeh, Ashab and Mahmoudi Asl, Hassan, Media coverage of crimes in the local press, Karagah magazine, No. 38, 2017. (In Persian)
12.    Hawang e,g.« a multilevel test of fear of crime: the effect of social condition, perceived community policing activities and perceived risk of victimization in a megapolis».ph. d dissertation, school of criminal justice, Michigan state university, 2006.
13.    hinkle,j. c.«the impact of disordrer on fear of crime: a test of first link of broken windows». Department of criminology and criminal justice. Maryland university, 2005.
14.    Jahanbin, Dariush, The role of the media in social security control, Judiciary Law Journal, No. 43, 2003. (In Persian)
15.     Karimi, Youssef, social misbehavior of teenagers, a discussion in the social psychology of mass media, Tarbiat magazine, number 100, 1996. (In Persian)
16.     Keynia, Mehdi, Fundamentals of Criminology, second volume, Tehran, Tehran University Press, 2009. (In Persian)
17.     McQueen, David, A Guide to Knowing Television, translated by Fateme Karamali, Tehran, published by the General Department of Broadcasting Research, 2005.
18.     Mirabbasi, Tayyebeh, Investigating the dual role of mass media in crime prevention and occurrence with an emphasis on children and teenagers, Master's thesis, Qom University, 2012. (In Persian)
19.     Moghaddasi, Mohammad Bagher, Criminal populism and its manifestations in Iran's criminal policy, Master's thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 2011. (In Persian)
20.     Mohammadi, Eghbal, Cultural factors of crime and ways of crime and ways to prevent it, master's thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 2013. (In Persian)
21.     Mohseni, Manouchehr, Investigation of social awareness and attitudes and behaviors in Tehran City, Zohd Publishing, 2000. (In Persian)
22.     Motamednejad, Kazem, Mass communication tools, first volume, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaie University Publishing, 2007. (In Persian)
23.     Najafi Abrandabadi, Alihossein and Goldouzian, Hossein, Postmodern criminology and its approach to crime and criminal etiology, Journal of Criminal Law Research, No. 23, 2018. (In Persian)
24.    Salimi, Ali and Davari, Mohammad, Sociology of deviance, Tehran, Hozeh and University Research Center Publishing, 2018. (In Persian)
25.    Seyedzadeh Sani, Seyed Mehdi, Reflection of criminal justice in mass media, criteria and works, Shahid Beheshti University Doctoral Dissertation, 2011. (In Persian)
26.     Taheri, Mohammad and Davoudi, Fatemeh, Rights of Virtual Media, Tehran, Andisheh Taban Publishing House, 2019. (In Persian)
27.    Zamiri, Mohammad Reza, Media and Social Deviations, Journal of Women's Strategic Studies, No. 18, 2002. (In Persian)

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 مهر 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار