مسئولیت بین‌المللی جمعی دول دارای تسلیحات هسته‌ای ناشی از ترک فعل: واکاوی آورده 2001 کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل و ان.پی.تی

ستایش پور, محمد

doi:10.22080/lps.2022.23813.1355

مسئولیت بین‌المللی جمعی دول دارای تسلیحات هسته‌ای ناشی از ترک فعل: واکاوی آورده 2001 کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل و ان.پی.تی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

محمد ستایش پور

استادیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

10.22080/lps.2022.23813.1355

چکیده

به موجب ان پی تی، کشورهای دارای تسلیحات هسته‌ای، تعهد بین‌المللی دارند که برای انتقال دانش و فناوری هسته‌ای با کشورهای فاقد تسلیحات هسته‌ای همکاری کنند. هدف جستار حاضر این است تا به مسئولیت بین‌المللی جمعی دول دارای تسلیحات هسته‌ای ناشی از ترک فعل بپردازد و به این منظور، بر مجموعه مواد 2001 کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل سازمان ملل متحد در زمینه مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت-ها بابت عمل متخلفانه بین‌المللی و معاهده منع گسترش تسلیحات هسته‌ای نظر دوخته است تا با پرداختن به تعهدات اولیه و ثانویه، بشود نگاهی جامع‌تر بر موضوع داشت. به فراخور موضوع، روش گردآوری اطلاعات، کتابخانه‌ای و به صورت استفاده از اسناد، کتاب‌ها، مقالات معتبر و تارنماهای مرتبط با موضوع است. سطور حاضر، از رهگذر واکاوی آورده 2001 کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل به عنوان نهاد علمی تدوین و توسعه تدریجی حقوق بین‌الملل و معاهده منع گسترش تسلیحات هسته‌ای، یافته است که دول دارای تسلیحات هسته‌ای، در مقابل تعهدات زیاد دیگر کشورهای عضو ان پی تی، تعهدات معدودی دارند که تعهد ایجابی در خصوص انتقال دانش و فناوری هسته‌ای در آن زمره است و آن را به گونه‌ای جمعی و مستمر نقض کرده‌اند. تحقق عمل متخلفانه بین‌المللی کشورهای دارای تسلیحات هسته‌ای، به ان پی تی محدود نشده است و برخی نظیر ایالات متحده آمریکا در دیگر اسناد، نظیر برجام، نیز این اقدام خود را ادامه داده‌اند. نقض مطروحه می‌تواند موجب اختتام یا تعلیق اجرای تعهد مطروحه گردد. جمعی و مستمر بودن این عمل متخلفانه بین‌المللی، بر پیامد مسئولیت بین‌المللی اثرگذار است و اقتضا دارد تا افزون بر توقف و تضمین عدم تکرار عمل متخلفانه بین‌المللی، تا حد امکان، وضع به حال سابق، اعاده گردد و خسارات مادی و معنوی جبران شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237566.1402.7.1.2.6

موضوعات

حقوق بین الملل

عنوان مقاله [English]

International Collective Responsibility of Nuclear-Weapon States for Omission: Scrutinizing ILC Articles 2001 and NPT

نویسنده [English]

Mohamad Setayeshpur

Assistant Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Nuclear-weapon states are under obligation to cooperate with non-nuclear-weapon states to transfer peaceful nuclear technology and have equal access to this technology for all states parties to NPT. The present paper has sought to deal with international collective responsibility of nuclear weapon states for omission and has scrutinized ILC articles in respect of responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts 2001 (ARSIWA) and NPT. It has sought to have a comprehensive study on the issue by addressing the primary and secondary obligations. The library method was used in this research for collecting data through reviewing documents, books, papers, and sites related to the topic. Scrutinizing ILC articles 2001 as scientific entity for codification and progressive development of international law and NPT, the present paper has found that nuclear-weapon states has a few obligations such as the obligation regarding the transfer of peaceful nuclear technology. The paper has concluded that nuclear-weapon states have breached the obligation collectively which has been extended in time, although the obligations of non-nuclear-weapon states are more. The commission of internationally wrongful act of nuclear weapon states has not been limited to NPT obligations and some of them, such as the U.S., have continued this action regarding other obligations such as the obligations enunciated in JCPOA. Breach of the obligation in question may lead to the termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach. Collective and continuous character of the internationally wrongful act affects the content of international responsibility, causes its cessation and non-repetition, and makes the responsible state to restitute and reparate the material and moral damages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

International Law of Responsibility
International Nuclear Law
ARSIWA
NPT

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