فسخ عقد قبل از رسیدن موعد اجرا بر اثر پیش ‌بینی نقض در حقوق ایران و کنوانسیون بیع بین‌المللی کالا (1980- وین)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران. ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران. ایران،

4 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران.

چکیده

موضوع نقض قرارداد وضمانت اجراهای ناشی ازآن، ازمباحث مهم در حقوق قراردادها می‌باشد. در حقوق ایران توسل به ضمانت اجراهای نقض قرارداد، هنگامی که موعد اجرای قرارداد فرا رسیده باشد ولی متعهد، تعهدات خود را انجام نداده است، میسر خواهد بود، اما امکان دارد قبل ازفرا رسیدن موعد انجام تعهد، براساس اعلام صریح متعهد ویا با توجه به اوضاع واحوال موجود، یکی ازطرفین عقد به طور متعارف ومعقول بفهمد که در موعد مقررتعهد ایفاء نخواهد گردید، دراین حالت نیز توسل به ضمانت اجراهای نقض قرارداد، ازجمله فسخ ضرورت می‌یابد که درماده 72 کنوانسیون بیع بین المللی کالا 1980"وجود حق فسخ دراثر پیش بینی نقض"تصریح شده است. اما در حقوق ایران هیچ ماده قانونی درمورد آن تصریح نگردیده است. هدف این مقاله بررسی این نظریه و رابطه این قاعده با قواعد موجود در حقوق ایران است تا معلوم گردد تا چه حدّ این حق فسخ قابل انعکاس درحقوق ایران است وضمن بررسی حقوق ایران و استناد به اصول و قواعد کلی درصدد تبیین این موضوع هستیم که گرچه نظریه فسخ عقد قبل از رسیدن موعد اجرا بر اثر پیش بینی نقض، در حقوق ایران و منابع فقهی فاقد سابقه تقنینی و تشریعی است امّا پذیرش آن با هیچ یک از قواعد حاکم بر نظام حقوقی ایران مغایرت نداشته و می تواند در کنار سایر قواعد بکار رود و قابلیت پذیرش آن درحقوق ایران وجود دارد. هدف این مقاله بررسی این نظریه و رابطه این قاعده با قواعد موجود در حقوق ایران است تا معلوم گردد تا چه حدّ این حق فسخ قابل انعکاس در حقوق ایران است و ضمن بررسی حقوق ایران و استناد به اصول وقواعد کلی درصدد تبیین این موضوع هستیم که گرچه نظریه فسخ عقد قبل ازرسیدن موعد اجرا براثر پیش بینی نقض، در حقوق ایران و منابع فقهی فاقد سابقه تقنینی و تشریعی است امّا پذیرش آن با هیچ یک از قواعد حاکم بر نظام حقوقی ایران مغایرت نداشته و می تواند در کنار سایر قواعد بکار رود و قابلیت پذیرش آن در حقوق ایران وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Termination of the contract before the due date due to anticipation of violation of Iranian law and the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (Vienna-1980)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehri Shams 1
  • Jamshid Noorshargh 2
  • Ahmad Shams 3
  • Mehdi Montazer 4
1 PhD student in private law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
3 Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Humanities, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

 The issue of breach of contract and the guarantee of performance resulting from it, is one of the important issues in contract law. Before the expiration of the obligation, based on the explicit announcement of the obligor or according to the current situation, one of the parties to the contract normally understands that the obligation will not be fulfilled in due time. In this case, 72 International Convention on the Sale of Goods 1980 stipulates "the existence of the right of termination on the basis of anticipation of infringement". However, no legal provision is specified in Iranian law. To what extent is this right of termination reflected in Iranian law? While examining Iranian law and citing general principles and rules, we seek to explain that on the one hand, the theory of termination of a contract before the due date is due to anticipation of violation in Iranian law and on the other hand, jurisprudential sources has no legislative history. The non-acceptance of the theory of termination of a contract does not contradict the rules governing the Iranian legal system and can be applied and accepted along with other rules.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Termination of contract
  • anticipation of violation
  • Convention on the International Sale of Goods
  • fundamental violation
  • Iranian law
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