مفهوم و پیشنیه قرارداد فرانشیز و مقایسه آن با نمایندگی تجاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد بهبهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بهبهان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

با وجود شباهت‌هایی که میان قرارداد فرانشیز و نمایندگی وجود دارد، قرارداد فرانشیز با نمایندگی تفاوتهایی دارد که تنها جنبه نظری ندارند؛ بلکه در عمل هم واجد آثار مهمی می‌باشد. این مقاله به مقایسه قرارداد فرانشیز و قرارداد نمایندگی و بیان شباهت‌ها و تفاوت های آنها می‌پردازد. اهمیت این مقایسه آنجا آشکار می‌شود که اکثر کشورها دارای مقرراتی درباره «نمایندگی تجاری» بوده و فاقد مقرراتی درباره فرانشیز هستند. با فرض تفاوت میان نمایندگی و فرانشیز، اجرای مقررات نمایندگی در مورد فرانشیز می‌تواند موجب تضییع حقوق طرفین قرارداد اخیر ـ به‌ویژه فرانشیزدهنده شود. بررسی‌های این مقاله نشان خواهد داد که قرارداد نمایندگی و فرانشیز، از جمله از حیث موضوع و مبنا، تعهدات طرفین، انتساب اعمال حقوقی، مسؤولیت و ارکان و عناصر با همدیگر تفاوت دارند. از جمله اینکه رابطه فرانشیزگیرنده و اصیل، امانی نمی‌باشد. فرانشیزگیرنده به نمایندگی از سوی فرانشیزدهنده فعالیت نمی‌کند و حق اعمال هرگونه تصرفات مالکانه را داراست. به علاوه، موضوع، تعهدات، درجه استقلال و مسؤولیت در قبال اشخاص ثالث در این دو قرارداد باهم تفاوت دارد. در واقع، قرارداد فرانشیز با قرارداد نمایندگی تجاری منطبق نبوده و دارای ماهیت و آثار خاص خود می‌باشد. فرانشیزگیرنده به نمایندگی از سوی فرانشیزدهنده فعالیت نمی‌کند و حق اعمال هرگونه تصرفات مالکانه را داراست. به علاوه، موضوع، تعهدات، درجه استقلال و مسؤولیت در قبال اشخاص ثالث در این دو قرارداد باهم تفاوت دارد. در واقع، قرارداد فرانشیز با قرارداد نمایندگی تجاری منطبق نبوده و دارای ماهیت و آثار خاص خود می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Concept and historical background of franchise contract and comparing it with commercial agency

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Elsan 1
  • Kholoud Deriss 2
  • MohammadReza Fathi 3
1 Associate Professor of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran.
3 PhD student in private law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In spite of similarities between franchise as a contract and agency, there are differences between them which have theoretical and practical aspects. In this paper we are discussing this similarities and differences from a comparative perspective. In many of countries, the commercial agency has regulated but the franchise contract has not this base. Because of this, using statutes about agency for resolving or analyze of problems arising from or for franchise is inevitable. This practice could endanger the rights of the parties of franchise contract. Among other things, the relationship between the franchisee and the original is not a fiduciary relationship. The franchisee does not act on behalf of the franchisor and has the right to exercise any proprietary possessions. In addition, the subject matter, obligations, degree of independence and responsibility towards third parties are different in these two contracts. In fact, the franchise contract is not compatible with the commercial agency contract and has its own nature and effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Franchise
  • Commercial Agency
  • franchisor
  • Principal
  • Agent

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 مهر 1401

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