نحوه ترتیب ضمانت اجرای تخلف از تعهد در حقوق ایران، کنوانسیون بیع بین المللی کالا و حقوق انگلیس

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق و الهیات، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

به موجب اصل لزوم قراردادها (ماده 219 قانون مدنی) قراردادها ی منعقد شده بین متعاملین و قائم مقام قانونی آن ها لازم الاتباع است. پس متعاملین به موجب این اصل موظف به اجرای تعهدات قراردادی خویش هستند اما در برخی موارد یکی از طرفین معامله از انجام تعهد خود امتناع می ‏نماید در این صورت ضمانت اجراها ی مختلفی در قانون برای تخلف از تعهد در نظر گرفته شده است. در این تحقیق به بررسی موضع قانون مدنی و کنوانسیون بیع بین اللمللی کالا و حقوق انگلیس در این خصوص پرداخته شده است. در خصوص ضمانت اجرای تخلف از شرط فقها نظریات مختلفی را مطرح نموده اند و قانون مدنی بر اساس نظر مشهور فقهای امامیه ضمانت اجرای طولی و ترتیبی (به این نحو که ابتدا اجبار متعهد و در صورت عدم امکان اجبار در مرحله دوم انجام تعهد به خرج متعهد و در نهایت امکان فسخ قرارداد) را پذیرفته است. ولی در کنوانسیون بیع بین المللی کالا و حقوق انگلیس در صورت تخلف از تعهد، اجبار متعهد به انجام تعهد کاملاً بستگی به نظر دادگاه دارد و امکان فسخ قرارداد توسط متعهد له جنبه استثنایی خواهد داشت و هم چنین برای آن محدودیت هایی در نظر گرفته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

How to arrange for the enforcement of a breach of an obligation in Iranian law: The Convention on the International Sale of Goods and British Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Farzanegan 1
  • Somaye Zohuri 2
  • Mohammad hosein Taghi poor darzi naghibi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law and Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor Faculty of Law and Political Science at University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

According to the principle of the necessity of contracts (Article 219 of the Civil Code), the contracts concluded between the parties and their legal representatives are mandatory. Therefore, according to this principle, the parties are obliged to fulfill their contractual obligations, but in some cases, one of the parties to the transaction refuses to fulfill his obligation. in this case, the guarantee of various executions is considered in the law for breaching the obligation. In this research, the position of the civil law and the Convention on the International Sale of Goods and English law in this regard have been investigated. Regarding the guarantee of the executing the violation of the condition, the jurists have put forward different ideas, and the civil law, based on the famous opinion of the Imami jurists, guarantees the longitudinal and sequential execution (i.e., first, the obligation of the obligee, if it is not possible to oblige. In the second stage, the obligation is fulfilled at the obligee's expense, and finally, it has accepted the termination of the contract). However, in the Convention on the International Sale of Goods and English Law, breaching the obligation, the obligation of the obligee is to fulfill the obligation, if the obligee wishes to approve the court and depends entirely on the opinion of the court. The possibility of terminating the contract by the obligee is exceptional and those limitations are considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • compulsion
  • breach of obligation
  • optional
  • sequence
  • termination of contract
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