بازه زمانی بازداشت موقت در ایران و کشورهای عربی (مصر، عربستان و لبنان)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد حقوق کیفری اطفال و نوجوانان، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از اهداف آیین دادرسی کیفری، حمایت از حق بر آزادی است. بازداشت موقت نقض‌کننده این حق به شمار می‌رود که در پژوهش حاضر حداکثر مدت‌ آن‌ در پرتو یافته‌های سیاست‌گذاری جنایی بررسی می‌گردد. برخی از کشورها تحت تاثیر سیاست جنائی امنیت‌گرا، متهم را دشمن خطرناک پنداشته و حق آزادی او را به بهانه تأمین حداکثری امنیت جامعه نقض و حداکثر مدت بازداشت موقت را افزایش داده یا بازداشت بدون مدت در نظر می‌گیرند. رویکرد قوانین کشورهایی همانند عربستان و لبنان از حیث عدم تعیین حداکثر مدت بازداشت موقت در تحقیقات جنائی، تحت تأثیر الگوی امنیت‌مدار عدالت کیفری و مصلحت‌گرایی به شمار می‌رود. در این نظام‌ها مقام قضائی طبق تشخیص خود و به منظور تحقق صلاح بزه‌کار و بزه‌دیده اختیار تام داشته و می‌تواند حق بر آزادی را مخدوش نماید؛ در این صورت فضای نظام عدالت کیفری، رنگ و بوی امنیتی به خود گرفته و سیاست جنایی به سمت انسانیت‌زدایی از واکنش کیفری، سوق می‌یابد. در مقابل دیدگاه بالا، اتخاذ سیاست جنائی تساهل‌گرا با کمی تسامح در کشورهای مصر و ایران موجب شده تا حداکثر مدت بازداشت موقت کمتری در نظر گرفته شود. این موضوع از نگاه جرم‌شناسی تعامل‌گرا که به تشکیلات دستگاه عدالت کیفری به عنوان نهادها و فرآیندهایی برچسب‌زن نگریسته، موجب کاهش مداخله کیفری شده و در نتیجه متهمان، کمتر در مواجه با برچسب مجرمانه قرار می‌گیرند. با این وجود در بعضی از کشورها همانند مصر و حتی ایران، بارقه‌هایی از سیاست جنایی امنیت‌مدار در نظام حقوقی چیره شده که به مقام سیاسی صلاحیت داده که اشخاص را بدون تقید به حداکثر مدت، بازداشت کنند. این مقاله با روش تحلیلی و توصیفی، به دنبال کشف نقاط قوت و تقویت آن‌ها و یافتن نقاط ضعف و کاهش آن‌ها بوده و از این‌رو در بهبود سیاست جنایی کارساز می‌تواند عمل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The period of temporary detention in Iran and Arab Countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon)

نویسندگان [English]

  • hadi rostami 1
  • ali Molabeigi 2
  • hasan bavi 3
1 Assistant Professor of Law, Faculty of Humanities, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
2 PhD Student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Master of Criminal Law for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the goals of criminal procedure is to protect the right to liberty.Temporary detention is a violation of this right, which in the present study is examined for a maximum period of time in the light of criminal policy findings. Some countries, under the influence of security-oriented criminal policies, consider the accused as a dangerous enemy and violate his right to liberty under the pretext of providing maximum security to the society and increase the maximum period of temporary detention or indefinite detention.The approach of Saudi and Lebanese law in terms of not setting a maximum period of temporary detention in criminal investigations is influenced by the security model of criminal justice and expediency.In these systems, the judiciary has full authority at its discretion and in order to achieve the good of the offender and the victim, and can violate the right to liberty; In this case, the atmosphere of the criminal justice system will take on the color and smell of security, and criminal policy will move towards the dehumanization of the criminal response. Contrary to the above view, the adoption of a tolerant criminal policy with a little tolerance in Egypt and Iran has led to a shorter maximum detention period. From an interactionist criminological point of view, which views criminal justice institutions as labeled institutions and processes, this reduces criminal intervention and, as a result, defendants are less likely to face criminal labeling. However, in some countries, such as Egypt and even Iran, sparks of security-oriented criminal policy have prevailed in the legal system that have empowered the political authority to detain individuals without maximum detention.This article seeks to discover the strengths and strengthen them and find the weaknesses and reduce them by analytical and descriptive methods, and therefore can be effective in improving criminal policy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Comparative Law
  • Temporary Detention
  • Security-oriented criminal policy
  • Dignity-oriented criminal policy
  • Wandering criminal policy
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