مطالعه تطبیقی ضمان ناشی از حق یا ادعای مالکیت فکری ثالث بر مبیع در کنوانسیون وین 1980 و حقوق ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران .

چکیده

با توجه به ﻣﺎده 42 کنوانسیون وین، عمل ﺑﺎﯾﻊ در ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ مبیعی ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻖ ﯾﺎادﻋﺎی مالکیت فکری ﺛﺎﻟﺚ می‌باشد، در واﻗﻊ ﻧﻘﺾ تعهد او در مورد اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ مبیع است. درنتیجه، ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ مبیعی ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻖ ﯾﺎ ادﻋﺎی مالکیت فکری ﺛﺎﻟﺚ باشد، ﻣﺼﺪاق ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺪم ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ کالا با قرارداد اﺳﺖ و طﺮق ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻘﺮر ﺑﺮای ﮐﺎﻻهای ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ درمواد46، 50 و 51 کنوانسیون، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺮﮐﺎلاهای ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻖ ﯾﺎ ادﻋﺎی ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ناشی از مالکیت فکری می‌باشد. برخلاف کنوانسیون، درحقوق ایران، تمایزی بین حقوق وادعاهای شخص ثالث ناشی از مالکیت فکری وغیرآن، وجود ندارد. بنابراین با توجه به مواد 390 و 391 قانون مدنی، درصورت مستحق للغیر درآمدن مبیع به صورت کلی یا جزئی، بایع ملزم به استرداد ثمن به خریدار است و درصورت جهل مشتری، بایع ضامن پرداخت کلیه غرامات وارده به وی است.

سوالی که مطرح می شود این است که اگر شخص ثالثی دربرابر خریدار ادعا نماید که استفاده خریدار از مبیع، حق مالکیت فکری وی را نقض می کند، فروشنده مبیع دربرابر خریدار چه مسئولیتی خواهد داشت؟ کنوانسیون بیع بین المللی کالا درماده42 مقرر می دارد: «1-بایع باید کالایی را تحویل دهد که از هرگونه حق یا ادعای شخص ثالث ناشی از مالکیت صنعتی یا سایر انواع مالکیت معنوی که هنگام انعقاد قرارداد بایع از آنها مطلع بوده یا نمی توانسته است نسبت به آنها بی اطلاع باشد، مصون باشد». در این زمینه، این سوال مطرح می شود که منظور از مالکیت فکری در کنوانسیون چیست؟ با اینکه ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن در ﻣﻮاد 45ﺗﺎ52، شیوه‌های ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣتفاوتی را ﺑﺮای ﻧﻘﺾ تعهد از ﺳﻮی ﺑﺎﯾﻊ، مقرر کرده اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ، در رابطه با طرق جبرانی ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻖ ﯾﺎ ادﻋﺎی ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ناشی از مالکیت فکری، صریحا مقرره‌ ای پیش بینی نشده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative study of liability arising from third party intellectual property right or claim on goods in the Vienna Convention 1980 and Iranian law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Taghipour Darzi Naghibi 1
  • Hamid Abhari 2
  • Mohammad Farzanegan 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran .
چکیده [English]

Comparative study of liability arising from third party intellectual property right or claim on goods in the Vienna Convention 1980 and Iranian law

With regard to Article 42 of the Convention, vendor's failure to deliver goods which is the subject-matter of third party intellectual property right or claim, is considered as breach of his obligation to transfer goods ownership. Thus to deliver goods which is the subject-matter of third party intellectual property right or claim, is an example of lack of consistency of goods with contract and the ways of compensation due to non-conforming goods in Articles 46, 50 and 51 of the Convention is also applicable to goods subject to intellectual property right or claim of third party. Contrary to the Convention in Iranian law there is no distinction between the rights and claims of third parties arising from intellectual property and other ones. So according to Articles 390 and 391 of the Civil Code, if the goods are entitled to another in whole or in part, vendor shall be required to refund the price to the buyer and if buyer was unaware, seller must pay all damages too.

Legal non-conforming, Third party claim, Intellectual property, Vienna Convention, Iranian law

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Legal non-conforming
  • Third party claim
  • Intellectual property
  • Vienna Convention
  • Iranian law
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