چالش‌های تعارض قوانین ناشی از جهانی شدن اوراق بهادار در نظام حقوقی ایران، انگلیس و اسناد بین المللی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.

2 استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران.

4 استاد گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

در چند دهه جهانی شدن تمامی حوزه های زندگی بشر را تحت تاثیر قرارداده است.یکی از مورادی که جهانی شدن باعث ایجاد چالش هایی گردیده است، اوراق بهادار است. از سویی دیگر با توجه به تمایل کشورها به مداخله در امور اقتصادی علی الخصوص بورس اوراق بهادار،باعث گردیده است که ماهیت دوگانه عمومی- خصوصی پیدا نماید. همین امر در کنار جهانی شدن باعث ایجاد ابهاماتی در زمینه تعارض قوانین مرتبط با این اسناد گردیده است. پرسش اساسی ای که مطرح می گردد اینست که جهانی شدن و آزاد سازی اوراق بهادار چه تاثیری بر سیاست های تقنینی و قضایی کشور ها بر جای گذاشته است؟ آزاد سازی و بین المللی شدن بازار های اوراق بهادار، علاوه بر اینکه موجب پیچیدگی بیشتر در برخی از جنبه های این بازار ها شده است، این بازار ها را نیازمند طرح سیاست ها و استراتژی های تقنینی مناسب با این تغییرات کرده است. متاسفانه در حقوق ایران مقرره صریحی در زمینه تعارض قوانین در زمینه اوراق بهادار وجود ندارد و به نظر می رسد، قانونگذار جنبه ملی اوراق بهادار را در قانون بازار اوراق بهادار تقویت نموده است. در حقوق انگلیس، مقررات رم یک و کنوانسیون حقوق بین الملل خصوصی لاهه حتی بعد از خروج این کشور از اتحادیه اروپا جهت تعیین قانون حاکم بر اوراق بهادار اعمال می شود. در اسناد بین المللی نیز اصل حاکمیت اراده جهت تعیین قانون حاکم بر اوراق بهادار در صورتی که مناقاتی با نظم عمومی و قواعد آمره نداشته باشد مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله، ابتدا به بررسی و تعیین ماهیت حقوقی اوراق بهادار می پردازیم، سپس، رژیم های مختلف حقوقی ای که ممکن است در یک قرارداد بین المللی بر اوراق بهادار حاکم باشند را بررسی می کنیم و در فصول نهایی، با استفاده از اسناد بین المللی، رویه قضایی و تجارب سایر کشورها،راهکارهای تعیین قانون حاکم بر معاملات اوراق بهادار را روشن خواهیم ساخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges of conflict of laws due to the globalization of securities in the legal system of Iran, United Kingdom and international documents

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jaber Esmaeilzadeh 1
  • nejad ali almasi 2
  • rabia eskini 3
  • ali akbar izadi fard 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Private Law, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Mofid University, Qom, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Over the decades, globalization has affected all areas of human life. One of the challenges that globalization has created is securities. On the other hand, due to the willingness of countries to intervene in economic affairs, especially the stock exchange, it has caused a dual nature of public-private. This, along with globalization, has created ambiguities in the conflict of laws related to these documents. The main question that arises is what effect has the globalization and liberalization of securities had on the legislative and judicial policies of countries? The liberalization and internationalization of securities markets, in addition to further complicating some aspects of these markets, has necessitated the development of appropriate legislative policies and strategies with these changes. Unfortunately, there is no explicit provision in Iranian law for conflict of laws in the field of securities, and it seems that the legislature has strengthened the national aspect of securities in the securities market law. After the country leaves the European Union, it is applied to determine the law governing securities. In international documents, the principle of the rule of will to determine the law governing securities is accepted if it does not conflict with public order and rules. In this article, we first examine and determine the legal nature of securities, then, we examine the various legal regimes that may prevail in an international securities agreement, and in the final chapters, using the documents. International, jurisprudence and experiences of other countries, we will clarify the strategies for determining the law governing securities transactions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Securities
  • conflict of laws
  • conflict resolution rule
  • stock exchange
  • public law
  • private

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 بهمن 1399

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