نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه حقوق، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 فلکه دوم صادقیه بلوار آیت الله کاشانی بلوار شقایق شمالی، کوچه چهارم پرواز پلاک ۱۸ طبقه اول، واحد دو
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract The right to a healthy environment has, in recent decades, been increasingly recognized as one of the fundamental human rights within both international instruments and domestic legal systems. The effective realization of this right depends on the active engagement of governments, civil society, and citizens in environmental decision making, monitoring, accountability, and advocacy processes. In this context, civil institutions and environmental non governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role. By raising public awareness, monitoring the performance of executive bodies, addressing environmental violations, participating in the development of public policies, and safeguarding the public interest, these organizations have become central actors in contemporary environmental governance.
This study employs a descriptive–analytical approach combined with a comparative method to examine the legal status of public participation and environmental NGOs in key international instruments such as the Rio Declaration and the Aarhus Convention. It further explores the role and effectiveness of civil institutions in promoting the right to a healthy environment within the legal framework of Iran and selected jurisdictions, including France, India, and the United States.
The findings indicate that strengthening the legal standing of civil institutions, expanding mechanisms for public participation, ensuring free and timely access to environmental information, and recognizing the supervisory and judicial roles of NGOs can significantly enhance the sustainable realization of the right to a healthy environment. The study also emphasizes the need for legislative and administrative reforms in Iran, including the recognition of public interest litigation, increasing transparency in environmental matters, and providing institutional and educational support for NGOs.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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