نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده کمیسر دریایی، دانشگاه علوم دریایی امام خمینی(ره)، نوشهر، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Waste and wastewater management represents a fundamental environmental and governance challenge in contemporary societies, directly linked to public health, sustainable development, and natural resource protection. This study adopts a comparative approach to examine the legal frameworks and regulations related to waste and wastewater management in Iran and Germany, emphasizing good governance principles, including transparency, accountability, public participation, efficiency, rule of law, equity, and sustainability. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on document analysis, reviewing domestic laws, European Union directives, and relevant international reports. Findings indicate that Germany, through circular economy policies, integrated environmental monitoring systems, clear institutional task allocation, effective enforcement mechanisms, and active citizen and non-governmental organization participation, has established a sustainable, efficient, and impactful waste and wastewater management system. In contrast, although Iran has enacted several laws, such as the Waste Management Act and the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, its implementation faces significant challenges, including overlapping institutional responsibilities, lack of a comprehensive monitoring system, insufficient financial and technical resources at municipal levels, weak enforcement, and limited public engagement. Comparative analysis suggests that reforming the legal and institutional structure, strengthening oversight and enforcement, enhancing social participation, and leveraging modern technologies—guided by Germany's experience and EU standards—can provide an effective and sustainable framework for Iran. This study emphasizes the importance of law revision, evidence-based policymaking, and the adoption of data-driven strategies. The results indicate that good governance forms the foundational basis for achieving sustainable environmental management and ensuring long-term protection of ecosystems.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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