مطالعه تطبیقی راهکارهای جلوگیری از تصاحب فرصت های متعلق به شرکت در پرتو نظریه فرصت های شرکتی در حقوق ایران، انگلستان و آمریکا

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف این مقاله بررسی میزان همگرایی و واگرایی مقررات نظام حقوقی ایران با قواعد پذیرفته شده در نظام های حقوقی انگلستان و آمریکا در خصوص نظریه منع تصاحب فرصت های متعلق به شرکت است که با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی و با شیوه تحقیق کتابخانه ای در پی واکاوی این هدف برآمده است زیرا امروزه تضمین بهره مندی شرکت از تمامی فرصت ها و موقعیت های پیش روی آن، امری ضروری است که مقررات مرتبط با راهبری شرکتی در جهان امروز، متولی آن است. تعارض منافع در بهره مندی از این فرصت ها به جهت مسئله نمایندگی و تفاوت میان مالکیت و مدیریت شرکت، موجب پیش بینی مقررات صریح و روشن در برخورد با سوءاستفاده های احتمالی مدیران متخلف در نظامهای حقوقی مختلف گردیده است تا جایی که نظریه ای مستقل در این خصوص با عنوان نظریه منع تصاحب فرصت های متعلق به شرکت شکل گرفته است. در دادگاههای آمریکا و انگلیس اگر مشخص شود که مدیر شرکت، وظایف امانتداری را نقض کرده و فرصتی که به شرکت تعلق داشته را تصاحب نموده است، با ضمانت اجراهای سنگین حقوقی و کیفری مواجه خواهد شد. مبانی مربوط به اعمال این نظریه و ضمانت اجراهای مرتبط با آن در نظام حقوقی ما نیز موجود بوده و تفاوت آشکاری میان مبحث عدم النفع با فرصت تصاحب شده از سوی مدیر متخلف وجود دارد. این مقاله کوشیده با ارائه تحلیل های روشمند، اثبات نماید که در صورت ارائه تحلیل صحیح از ارکان نظریه فرصت های شرکتی، مقررات متناظر در ایران و الزامات ناشی از ید امانی، می توان با تمسک به قواعد اتلاف،تسبیب و امانی بودن ید مدیر شرکت، مقررات موجود را به نحوی تفسیر نمود که علاوه بر سازگاری با اصول فقهی و حقوقی موجود، از قابلیت کاربرد در رویه قضایی در برخورد با اشخاص متخلف برخوردار باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Strategies for Preventing Corporate Opportunity Misappropriation in Light of the Corporate Opportunity Doctrine in Iranian, English, and American Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Hasan Raeisi 1
  • Hosein Simaee sarraf 2
1 PhD Candidate in Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this article is to examine the degree of convergence and divergence between Iranian legal regulations and the accepted rules of the legal systems of England and the United States regarding the corporate opportunity doctrine. Using a descriptive-analytical method and library-based research, the study explores the necessity of ensuring that all opportunities rightfully belonging to a company are safeguarded—an issue at the heart of modern corporate governance frameworks. Conflicts of interest arising from the agency problem and the separation of ownership and control have led various legal systems to adopt clear and specific regulations to prevent managerial misconduct. This has resulted in the development of an independent legal doctrine known as the "corporate opportunity doctrine." In U.S. and U.K. courts, if a company director is found to have breached fiduciary duties by usurping an opportunity that belonged to the company, they face serious civil and criminal consequences. The legal foundation for the application of this doctrine, along with its enforcement mechanisms, also exists within Iranian law. There is a significant distinction between the concept of lost profits and that of misappropriated corporate opportunities. This article argues that a correct understanding of the elements of the corporate opportunity doctrine, aligned with rules as etlāf (deliberate destruction) , tasbīb (causation), and the fiduciary nature of a director’s authority —can allow for an interpretation of existing regulations that is both consistent with Islamic legal principles and applicable in judicial practice for addressing managerial misconduct.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • conflict of interest
  • corporate opportunity
  • loss of profit
  • Article 133 of the
  • Commercial Code Amendment Bill

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پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 21
فروردین 1405
صفحه 135-155

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 آبان 1404

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