نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد حقوق مالکیت فکری، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Word marks constitute the most traditional form of trademarks. Slogans are also considered unconventional in some sources. However, the historical evidence that we will refer to shows that the use of these marks has a long history and therefore they will be included in the category of traditional marks and review of precedent-setting cases in the two legal systems of the United States and the European Union and the judges analysis of generic or descriptive terms for which registration has been sought by invoking secondary meaning also an examination of a few examples presented in Iranian judicial practice including the ‘Classic’ case shows that despite the lack of amendment to the Trademark Registration Law of 1403 in this regard judges can contribute to the creation of judicial practice that seeks to protect the acquired rights of individuals and fair competition by resorting to legal principles such as the prohibition of unfair and illegitimate competition, the prohibition of free riding and by adhering to jurisprudential rules such as the rule of no harm. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and a case-based approach shows that relying on the acquired distinctiveness of trademarks in Iranian judicial practice is not far-fetched or impossible. Supporting these marks can bring the safety to intellectual property rights.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
A meeting to analyze and criticize the judicial judgement on generic trademarks, organized by the Deputy of Human Resources and Cultural Affairs of the Tehran Province Justice Department, with the presence of Dr. hassan lajam orak (judge), Dr. Zahra Shakeri and Dr. Touraj Taghizadeh. (In persian)
Badini, H., Hosseinzadeh, M., Mohebifard S., (2020), Examination of legal fair use doctrine in descriptive trademarks, jornal of trade studies, Vol. 19. No. 73, pp 99-124. (In persian)
Bagheri, M., Babaei, Z., (2011), protection of trademarks against unfair competition, private law, vol. 8, no. 19m pp 85-102.
Combit Software GmbH v. Commit Business Solutions Ltd., Case C-223/15, EU:C:2016:719, available at:
https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&jur=C,T,F&num=C-223-15&td=ALL (Last visited: July 30, 2025).
Darvishi, E., (2016), Support for advertising slogans in the intellectual property rights system, intellectual property law, Qom university. (In persian)
DHL Express France S.A.S v. Chronopost S.A., Case C-235/09, EU:C:2011:238 (CJEU, Apr. 12, 2011)., available at:
https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-235/09 (Last visited: July 30, 2025).
Guidelines for EUIPO. Available at:
https://guidelines.euipo.europa.eu/1803468/1787838/trade-mark-guidelines/chapter-14- acquired-distinctiveness-through-use--article-7-3-eutmr- (last visited: July 18, 2025).
Grover, E. (1991), The Trademark Protection of Advertising Slogans: A Modern Perspective, Fordham Entertainment Media & Intellectual Property Law Forum, Vol. 1, No. 2.
Habiba, S., Chavoshi, I., (2015), comparative study of famous and well-known trademarks as the two kinds of trademarks with reputation, journal of comparative law, no 103, pp 75-94.
Industrial property law (1403). (in persian)
In re Louisiana Fish Fry Products, Ltd, 797 E3d 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2015). Available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cafc/13-1619/13-1619-2015-08-14.html (Last visited: July 30, 2025).
In re Steelbuilding.com, July 11, 2005, 415 F. 3d 1293 (Fed. Cir. 2005)., available at: https://casetext.com/case/in-re-steelbuildingcom (Last visited: July 30, 2025).
Jafarzadeh, G., (2015), the relations between competition law and unfair competition (from the uniformity approach to uniformity and supplementory, comparative law quarterly, vol. 1, no. 2, pp 59-85.
Judgment, no 140268390017145438, (2023), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).
Judgment, no 140168390004773463, (2022), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).
Judgment, no 251, (2019), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).
Judgment, no 95784, (2016), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).
Judgment, no 173, (2019), issued by the tenth branch of tehran province court of appeals.
Kronish, J (2015), In re Louisiana Fish Fry Products, shifting the weight of Acquired Distinctiveness for Descriptive Terms in Trademark Law, Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property, vol. 18, No. 1.
Lwin, M., (2010) Slogans: US and EU legal protection for slogans that identify and promote the brand, International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 29, No. 4.
Mehraban poorazar, m., (2022), Acquired distinctiveness in trademark law system, master thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science, intellectual property law, University of Tehran. (In persian)
Microstrategy, Inc. v. Motorola, Inc. 2001, 245 F. 3d 335 (4th Cir. 2001)., available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/245/335/515114/#:~:text=On%20February%2013%2C%202001%2C%20MicroStategy,intended%20use%20of%20the%20mark. (Last visited: July 30, 2025).
Ommi, M., (2021), Intellectual property in iranian judicial, firt volume: Brand, Tehran, Mizan legal foundation, second pub. (In persian)
Patent, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Law, approved in 2007. (In persian)
Porangaba, L. (2019), Acquired distinctiveness in the European Union: when non-traditional marks meet a (fragmented) single market, The Trademark Reporter, Vol. 109, No. 3.
Roux Laboratories Inc. v. Clairol Inc., 427 F.2d 823 (CCPA. 1970)., available at:
Sadeghi, M., Taherifard, R., (2017), Legal bases of trademark protection, journal of trade studies, vol. 19, no. 76, pp 151-180.
Shakeri, z., Mehraban poorazar, m., (2023), A Comparative Analysis of Acquired Distinctiveness of Trademarks and Its Criteria in the Legal Systems of the United States, the European Union, and Iran, comperative studies on islamic and western law, 10(2), pp 97-124. (in persian)
Shakeri, z., Mehraban poorazar, m., (2024), Feasibility of protecting nonvisual nonconventional trademarks with secondary meaning in the US and EU system, jornal of trade studies, vol. 31, no 25, pp 1-21. (In persian)
Shakeri, z., noueali, S., (2022), legal system of non-traditional trademarks, tehran, university of tehran press, first pub. (In persian)
US Trademark Act of 1905.
US Trademark Act of 1946 (Lanham act).
Vihar III, M. (2005), Nontraditional Areas of Intellectual Property Protection: Colour, Sound, Taste, Smell, Shape, Slogan and Trade Dress, Jornal of Intellectual Property Rights, Vol. 10.
)
