بازخوانی اصل کرامت انسانی در حقوق عمومی ایران در پرتو حکمرانی هوشمند: تحلیلی بر مبانی، چالش‌ها و راهکارها با مطالعه تطبیقی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تحولات فناورانه در عرصه حکمرانی، به‌ویژه گسترش هوش مصنوعی، کلان‌داده و سامانه‌های تصمیم‌گیری الگوریتمی، مفاهیم بنیادین حقوق عمومی را با چالش‌های نوینی مواجه کرده است. در این میان، اصل کرامت انسانی به‌عنوان سنگ‌بنای نظم حقوقی و معیار مشروعیت اعمال حاکمیت، در معرض تهدیدهایی همچون ناشناس‌سازی قدرت، غیرفردی‌سازی تصمیمات عمومی، تبعیض آماری و زوال پاسخ‌گویی قرار گرفته است این مقاله با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی–تحلیلی و رویکرد تطبیقی، به بررسی نسبت میان کرامت انسانی و حکمرانی هوشمند می‌پردازد. این بررسی در چارچوب نظام حقوق عمومی جمهوری اسلامی ایران انجام می‌شود. ابتدا با تبیین مفهومی و نظری کرامت انسانی در فلسفه حقوق غرب و آموزه‌های اسلامی، بنیان‌های نظری تحلیل ترسیم می‌شود. سپس با مطالعه تطبیقی نظام‌های حقوقی آلمان، فرانسه و کانادا، تجارب نهادینه‌سازی کرامت در تنظیم‌گری دیجیتال واکاوی شده و ظرفیت‌های اقتباس‌پذیر شناسایی می‌گردد. در بخش ایران، چالش‌های موجود در سطوح تقنینی، نهادی و رویه‌ای بررسی شده و مجموعه‌ای از راهکارهای حقوقی و ساختاری همچون تدوین قانون جامع کرامت‌محور، ایجاد نهاد مستقل نظارت بر الگوریتم‌ها، و طراحی حق اعتراض مؤثر به تصمیمات خودکار پیشنهاد می‌شود. هدف اصلی مقاله، ارائه چارچوبی نظری و عملی برای صیانت از کرامت انسانی در بستر حکمرانی هوشمند و بازنگری در ساختار حقوق عمومی ایران در مواجهه با تحولات فناورانه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Re-examining the Principle of Human Dignity in Iranian Public Law in the Era of Smart Governance: Normative Foundations, Legal Challenges, and Regulatory Pathways (A Comparative Study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Moradi Berelian 1
  • Mohammad Ghasem Tangestani 2
1 Assistant Prof, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of International Law., Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The rapid advancement of digital technologies in governance, particularly in the areas of artificial intelligence, big data, and algorithmic decision-making, has introduced profound challenges to the foundations of public law. At the center of these concerns lies the principle of human dignity, which serves as the cornerstone of constitutional order and a normative constraint on the exercise of public power. This principle is increasingly threatened by phenomena such as depersonalized authority, opaque decision-making, statistical discrimination, and diminished accountability. This article adopts a descriptive–analytical and comparative approach to reassess the relationship between human dignity and smart governance within the framework of the Iranian public legal system. It first explores the philosophical and Islamic foundations of human dignity, offering a conceptual framework for the ensuing analysis. It then examines how selected legal systems, namely Germany, France, and Canada, have integrated dignity-based safeguards into their digital regulatory frameworks. The Iranian context is critically assessed in light of existing legislative, institutional, and procedural gaps. The article concludes by proposing a set of structural and normative reforms, including the enactment of a comprehensive AI law, the establishment of an independent algorithmic oversight authority, and the institutionalization of a meaningful right to contest automated decisions. The ultimate aim is to provide a normative and operational framework that aligns smart governance with the fundamental values of Iranian public law.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intelligence
  • Decision
  • Accountability
  • Oversight
  • Iran

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 مرداد 1404

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