واکاوی نحوه توزیع مسئولیت ناشی از تقصیر در افعال زیانبار وکلای مع الواسطه متعاقب از منظر حقوق ایران و فرانسه

طالقان غفاری, مهدی; ابهری, حمید; تقی پور درزی نقیبی, محمدحسین

doi:10.22080/lps.2025.28923.1731

واکاوی نحوه توزیع مسئولیت ناشی از تقصیر در افعال زیانبار وکلای مع الواسطه متعاقب از منظر حقوق ایران و فرانسه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

² استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکد حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

³ استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

10.22080/lps.2025.28923.1731

چکیده

در وکالت در توکیل، علی رغم اصل نسبی بودن قراردادها، افعال وکلای مع‌الواسطه، گاه در فرض تقصیر، مسئولیتی را ایجاد نموده که گاه دامنه تعهدات به اطراف وکلای مع‌الواسطه سرایت می نمایند. اینکه نحوه توزیع مسئولیت ناشی از افعال زیانبار وکیل اصلی و اطراف وکلای مع‌الواسطه که نشأت گرفته از تقصیر آنان می باشد چگونه می‌باشد، پرسشی درخور توجه بوده که نگارندگان در پژوهش پیش رو در پی پاسخ بدان می باشند. نتایج پژوهش پیش رو حاکی از این است که برخلاف حقوق ایران و همچنین دیدگاه برخی از فقهای امامیه که بر این باورند اصل نسبی بودن قراردادها مانع از مسئولیت وکلای مع‌الواسطه متعاقب در قبال موکل اصلی نمی گردد، در نظام حقوقی فرانسه به دلیل رابطه گماشتگی و نسبیت قرارداد فی مابین وکیل اصلی و وکلای مع‌الواسطه، وکلای مع‌الواسطه متعاقب صرفاً در قبال وکیل اصلی یا وکیل پیشین مسئولیت جبران خسارت وارده به موکل اصلی ناشی از افعال زیانبار خویش بر مبنای مسئولیت متبوع ناشی از عمل تابع را دارند. در این شرایط حق مطالبه خسارت از سوی وکیل اصلی به طرفیت وکلای مع‌الواسطه متعاقب همچنان جاریست. مع الوصف؛ پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی تحلیلی در پی شناخت نحوه توزیع مسئولیت ناشی از تقصیر در افعال زیانبار وکلای مع‌الواسطه متعاقب (در فرض جواز توکیل به غیر) از منظر حقوق ایران و فرانسه می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of the Distribution of Liability due to Fault in the Harmful Acts of Subsequent Lawyers with Intermediary from the Perspective of Iranian and French Law

نویسندگان [English]

Mehdi Taleghan Ghafari ¹
Hamid Abhari ²
MohammadHossein TaghiPour Darzi Naqibi ³

¹ PhD student in Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

² Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Despite the principle of relativity of contracts in delegation of power of attorney, the actions of lawyers with intermediary in fault presumption creates a liability that sometimes extends obligations to the surrounding area of the lawyers with intermediary. How to distribute liability caused by the harmful actions of the attorney-in-fact and those around the lawyers with intermediary, which stem from their fault, is a noteworthy question that the authors seek to answer in the upcoming research. Despite the Iranian law and the view of some Imamiye jurists who believe that the principle of relativity of contracts does not prevent the liability of subsequent lawyers with intermediary toward the main client, according to the nature of representation and the principle of relative effect of the contract in French law, the legal relationship between the lawyers with intermediary and the principal client is regulated in such a way that in case of a harmful act committed by the lawyers with intermediary, they are only held responsible toward the primary lawyer or the first lawyer. In this framework, the responsibility of compensating the principal client's damages caused by the harmful actions of the lawyer with intermediary will not be directly borne by the first lawyer, but rather by the mechanism of liability resulting from the action of the subordinate towards the predecessor.In these circumstances, the right to claim damages on the part of the principal lawyer against the subsequent attorneys is still valid. However, the authors, using a descriptive-analytical method, seek to know how to distribute the responsibility resulting from the fault in the harmful actions of subsequent lawyers with intermediary (in presumption of authorizing delegation of attorney’s power to others) from the perspective of Iranian and French law.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Sub-delegation in agency
. intermediate agent
harmful acts
liability. negligence

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