مطالعه تطبیقی سنجش جایگاه قضات در اعمال دادرسی اساسی با تاکید بر نظام حقوقی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران‏.

چکیده

اگرچه در حال حاضر کمترین کشوری را می‌توان یافت که داری قانون اساسی نباشد، اما تجهیز یک نظام حقوقی به قانون اساسی همواره با تضمین اجرایی آن همراه نیست. از این رو سامانه‌ای را می‌توان به لحاظ حقوقی توسعه‌یافته قلمداد نمود که تجهیز نظریِ نظام به قانون اساسی با تضمین عملیِ آن توأم گردد. در ایران اگرچه نخستین تجربه اِعمالِ نظارت بر روند قانونگذاری در مسیر دادرسی اساسی صورت نپذیرفت و با هدف کنترل شرعیِ قوانین توسط فقهای طراز اول پایه‌ریزی شد اما با تاسیس شورای نگهبان، این نهاد، توامان رسالت دادرسی شرعی و دادرسی اساسی را عهده‌دار گردید. بدین ترتیب که تمامی مصوبات مجلس برای آنکه رَدای قانون بر تن نمایند نیازمند اِعمال کنترل شورای نگهبان از جهت عدم مغایرت با موازین شرعی و قانون اساسی می‌باشند. در نوشتار حاضر بناست در کنار مفروض اصلی اعمال دادرسی اساسی در نظام حقوقی ایران توسط شورای نگهبان، به بررسی مواردی پرداخته شود که به جهت عدم امکان شرایط اجرای دادرسی پیشینیِ شورای نگهبان، قضات محاکم بتوانند در اِعمال دادرسی اساسی ایفای نقش نموده و مراتبی از اجرای دادرسی اساسی پسینی را عهده‌دار گردند. بدین منظور پس از معرفی اسلوب اصلی نحوه اجرای دادرسی اساسی در ایران، فرضیه امکان نقش‌آفرینی قضات در اعمال دادرسی در یک رویکرد حقوقی و با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی تبیین می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Judicial Supervision in the Implementation of Constitutional Justice (with an emphasis in Iran's legal system)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shabnam Fahimi 1
  • Mojtaba Vaezi 2
1 PhD in Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Although most countries have a constitution today, but equipping a legal system with a constitution does not always guarantee its implementation. Therefore, a system can be considered developed in legal terms that can support the constitution in a practical and real way. In Iran, although the first experience of monitoring the legislative process did not take place in the way of Constitutional Justice, and it was founded with the aim of Shariah control of the laws by first-rate jurists, but with the establishment of the Guardian Council, this institution took on both the mission of Shariah proceedings and Constitutional Justice. In this way, all the approvals of the Parliament, in order to become law, need to be controlled by the Guardian Council in order not to contradict the Shariah standards and the Constitution. In this article, next to the main assumption of the implementation of Constitutional Justice in Iran's legal system by the Guardian Council, the cases where it is not possible to implement the Constitutional Justice by the Guardian Council, the judges of the courts can play a role in the implementation of the Constitutional Justice and in the implementation of the Constitutional Justice Cooperate with the Guardian Council.For this purpose, after introducing the main style of conducting Constitutional Justice in Iran, the hypothesis of the possibility of judges playing a role in the Constitutional Justice is analyzed in a legal way.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Constitution
  • Constitutional Justice
  • Guardian Council
  • Judges
  • Judicial Supervision

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