زمان پایان حضانت(مطالعه ی تطبیقی در فقه اسلامی، حقوق ایران و برخی کشورهای اسلامی)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

زمان پایان حضانت فرزندان، مسئلة مهمی است که از حیث روان‌شناسی، جامعه‌شناسی و حقوقی تأثیرات بسزایی بر کودکان و والدین آنها می‌گذارد؛ اما در مورد این زمان، قانون مدنی ایران، حکم صریحی نداشته و نظر واحدی میان فقها و حقوق‌دانان نیز، وجود ندارد. بنابراین ضرورت دارد که پایان سن حضانت به صورت مقرره ای شفاف قانون گذاری شود تا از اختلاف نظر ها جلوگیری شود و آسیب های اعمال سلیقه ها و تصمیم های نادرست متوجه والدین و فرزندان نشود، در این پژوهش، به مطالعه و بررسی قوانین و مقررات پیرامون این موضوع در حقوق ایران و تعدادی از کشورهای اسلامی پرداخته شد و از رهاورد این بررسی، مشخص شد؛ همان طور که در حقوق ایران، عده‌ای معتقدند، حضانت با رسیدن به سن بلوغ پایان می‌یابد و عده‌ای دیگر، پایان حضانت را، هم‌زمان با رسیدن به سن بلوغ و رشد می‌دانند، اختلاف نظر هایی در حقوق کشورهای مذکور نیز وجود دارد، با این تفاوت که اغلب این کشورها بر خلاف ایران دارای نص قانونی در این باره هستند که بر این اختلاف ها حاکم می شود. همچنین در حقوق اغلب کشورهای عربی-اسلامی سن حضانت با رسیدن به سن رشد و یا ازدواج پایان می یابد. در این مقاله، با مطالعه ی سن پایان حضانت در کشورهای فوق، به عنوان کشورهایی که همچون ایران، قوانین و مقرراتشان برگرفته از فقه اسلامی بوده و فرهنگ اسلامی در آن ها حاکم است و بررسی تحولات قانونی، آرای فقهی، آیات قرآنی و احادیث، این نتیجه حاصل شد که رسیدن به سن بلوغ و رشد، موجب خاتمة حضانت بوده و پیشنهاد می‌گردد، که سن 18 سالگی برای دختران و پسران، پایان دوران حضانت به شمار آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The end of custody (a comparative study in Islamic jurisprudence, the laws of Iran and some Islamic countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Saeedi Mehr 1
  • Mohammad Moloudi 2
1 Master of Science, Private Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The end of custody of children is an important issue that has significant effects on children and their parents in terms of psychology, sociology and law. Iran's civil law does not have an explicit ruling about it, and there is no consensus among jurists and lawyer. Therefore, it is necessary that the end of the custody age be legislated in order to avoid differences of opinion and the harm of applying tastes and wrong decisions to parents and children, in this research, via study and review the laws and regulations This issue was discussed in the laws of Iran and a number of Islamic countries, and it was clear from the results of this review; As in Iranian law, some people believe that custody ends when they reach the age of puberty, and others believe that custody ends when children reach the age of puberty and maturity. There are different opinions in the laws of the mentioned countries, but Unlike Iran, most of these countries have a legal text about this time that governs these disputes. Also, in the laws of most Arab-Islamic countries, the age of custody ends with reaching the age of maturity or marriage. In this article, by studying the age at which custody ends in the above countries, as countries like Iran, whose laws and regulations are derived from Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic culture prevails in them, and examining legal changes, jurisprudential opinions, Quranic verses and hadiths, It was concluded that reaching the age of puberty and maturity is the ending time of custody.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • end of Custody
  • maturity
  • puberty
  • Islamic countries
  • jurisprudence
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