دستورات پیشگیرنده‌ی مدنی در سیاست جنایی کامن‌لا؛ تأملی در حقوق ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه تمایل دولت‌ها به کنترل جرم از طریق پیشگیری و مداخلات قبل از ارتکاب جرم افزایش یافته است. برخی دولت‌ها در پرتو برخی مفاهیم از جمله عدالت پیشگیرنده، در صدد توسعه‌ی اقدامات تنبیهی در پیشگیری از جرم از طریق کاربست دستورات پیشگیرنده‌ی مدنی در سیاست جنایی برآمدند. در این پژوهش به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای به بررسی مفهوم، مصادیق، مبانی و پیامدهای دستورات پیشگیرنده‌ی مدنی در کشورهای کامن‌لا و تطبیق آن‌ها با نهادهای مشابه در کشور ایران می‌پردازیم. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که دستورات پیشگیرنده‌ی قسمی از تدابیر پیشگیرنده‌ی تنبیهی و دو مرحله‌ای هستند. در مرحله‌ی اول، با رعایت مقررات آیین دادرسی مدنی صرفاً‌ یک دستور خطاب به شهروندان صادر و در صورت عدم رعایت دستور در مرحله‌ی دوم کیفر بر شخص اعمال خواهد شد. موافقان، مبنای کاربست آن‌ها در سیاست جنایی را در دفاع پیش‌دستانه از جامعه، حفاظت عمومی بیشتر از شهروندان، گسترش شبکه‌های کنترل اجتماعی، سرعت در پاسخ‌دهی به رفتارهای هنجارشکن و پیشگیری بهتر و سریع‌تر می‌پندارند. از زمره پیامدهای کاربست آن‌ها می‌توان به نقض آزادی‌های اساسی، حاکمیت قانون، اصل تناسب بزه و پاسخ‌ها، اصل تفکیک قوا، اصل برائت و تضمینات دادرسی عادلانه اشاره کرد. نظر به اینکه این دستورات منجر به تمامیت‌خواهی دولت‌ها شده و از طریق ایجاد حس ناکامی و به عنوان یک محرک بیرونی عامل پرخاشگری‌های بعدی شهروندان می‌شوند، کاربست آن‌ها در سیاست جنایی ایران پیشنهاد نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Civil preventive orders in common law criminal policy; a reflection on Iranian law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azim Aghababaei Taghanaki 1
  • Mehdi Amini 2
  • Rashid Ghadiri Bahram Abadi 3
1 PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the desire of governments to control crime through prevention and interventions before committing a crime has increased. Some governments, in the light of some concepts including preventive justice, sought to develop punitive measures in crime prevention through the application of civil preventive orders in criminal policy. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, we will investigate the concept, examples, bases and consequences of civil preventive orders In common law countries and their comparison with similar institutions in Iran. The findings of the research indicate that preventive orders are a part of two-step punitive preventive measures. In the first step, by following the rules of civil procedure, only an order is issued to citizens, and if the order is not followed, in the second step, punishment will be imposed on the person. Advocates of these orders believe that the basis of their application in criminal policy is in preemptive defense of society, more public protection of citizens, expansion of social control networks, speed in responding to norm-breaking behaviors, and better and faster prevention. Among the consequences of their application, we can mention the violates fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, the principle of proportionality of guilt and answers, the principle of separation of powers, the principle of innocence, and the guarantees of a fair trial. Considering that these orders lead to the totalitarianism of the governments and through creating a sense of frustration and as an external provocateur cause the subsequent aggressions of the citizens, their application in the criminal policy of Iran is not suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • criminal policy
  • preventive civil order
  • preventive justice
  • crime control
  • risk management

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 مرداد 1403

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