بررسی وضعیت حقوقی قراردادهای شامل شرط تمدید خودکار قراردادی در ایران با نگاهی تطبیقی به حقوق فرانسه و انگلستان

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در بعضی قراردادها به سبب برخی ضرورت‌ها، شرطی با عنوان شرط تمدید قرارداد، گنجانده می‌شود که طرفین را از مذاکره مجدد و یا انعقاد قرارداد جدید، بی نیاز می سازد.؛ با این حال این امتیاز مصون از چالش نبوده و با مطالعه تطبیقی در دو نظام حقوقی فرانسه و انگلیس، احصاء گردیدند؛ گاهی انجام تعهدات قرارداد تمدید شده به سبب تغییر شرایط و اوضاع، با سختی زیاد و یا عدم امکان اجرا روبرو می‌شود و در مواردی نیز یکی از طرفین قرارداد از قدرت برتر خود سوء استفاده می نماید؛ این موارد در واقع موانعی در مسیر اجرای شرط تمدید خودکار قرارداد می‌باشند. در نظام حقوقی دو کشور فوق، راهکارهایی همچون نظریه‌های دشواری، تغییر اوضاع و احوال قرارداد، نظریه عقیم شدن قرارداد، قوه قاهره و قاعده منع سوء استفاده از حق ارایه گردیده است. در مطالعه تطبیقی که به روش تحلیلی- توصیفی و با استفاده ازابزار منابع کتابخانه‌ای در حقوق ایران صورت گرفت، می‌توان با تمسک به قواعد عمومی از قبیل: لاضرر و نفی عسر و حرج، خیار غبن حادث، منع سوء استفاده از حق به راهکارهای مشابهی با دو نظام حقوقی انگلیس و فرانسه همچون تعدیل قرارداد تمدید شده و در مواردی نیز لغو شرط تمدید و عدم اجرای قرارداد تمدید شده رسید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

"Examination of the Legal Status of Contracts Containing Automatic Renewal Clauses in Iran with a Comparative Look at Fr"ench and English Law.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Shamshiri 1
  • Fereshteh Amirabadi Farahani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch,, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
2 PhD student in private law, Faculty of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
چکیده [English]

In some contracts, due to some necessity, a condition called the contract extension condition is included, which makes the parties unnecessary to renegotiate or conclude a new contract; However, this privilege is not immune to challenges and was to be counted by a comparative study in French and English legal systems; . However, sometimes, performance the extended contract faced with hardship or impossibility due to changes in contract circumstances, and in some cases, one of the parties abuses its superior position; These cases are actually barrier to implementing the automatic contract extension condition. In English and French law, solutions such as the theories of "Hardship", "Change of Circumstances" (Rebus sic stantibus), "Frustration" and "Force-majeure" and the "Abuse of right” )abus de droit( are used. In the comparative study which was done in analytical-descriptive method and by referring to library sources in Iranian law., it is possible to adhere to general rules such as: “La-Zarar” (no-harm) and " Osr VA Haraj " (rule of hardship), " Ghabne Hades " (sudden deception) and the prohibition of the abuse of the right , to similar solutions with the two legal systems of England and France, such as the modification of the extended contract, and in some cases, the cancellation of the extension condition and non-implementation of the extended contract.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Automatic extension condition
  • Change of Circumstances
  • Osr VA Haraj"
  • Force-majeure"
  • Ghabne-Hades "
  • (sudden deception)
  • &ldquo
  • La-Zarar&rdquo
  • (no-harm)
  • Abuse of right
 
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دوره 8، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 آبان 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 آذر 1402