امکان سنجی حمایت از شهرت اشخاص مشهور تحت نهاد پسینگ آف

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در فرضی که از نشانه‌های هویتی اشخاص مشهور بدون اجازه آنها در تبلیغات کالاها و خدمات استفاده شود، نظام‌های حقوقی تلاش کرده‌اند راهکارهایی را برای حمایت از اشخاص مشهور فراهم کنند. برای این منظور، در نظام کامن‌لا، به سراغ یکی از نهادهای سنتی موجود یعنی پسینگ‌اف رفته‌اند. براساس این نهاد، هیچ کس حق ندارد با استفاده از علامت تجاری دیگری، کالا یا خدمات خود را به عنوان کالا یا خدمات شخص دیگر و یا بالعکس، معرفی و عرضه کند. با وجود اینکه پسینگ‌آف در مفهوم سنتی، زمانی قابل استناد است که خوانده، کالای خود را محصول تولید شده توسط دیگری معرفی کند، اما در رویه قضایی، از این نهاد، مفهومی تازه ارایه شد. بر اساس مفهوم توسعه یافته از این نهاد، هر موقعیتی که مصرف‌کنندگان در خصوص منشا کالا یا تایید کالا دچار فریب یا گمراهی شوند نیز مشمول این نهاد خواهد شد. با این تفسیر، از آنجا که استفاده از نشانه‌های هویتی اشخاص مشهور، ممکن است سبب گمراهی مصرف‌کنندگان در خصوص منشاء کالا، کیفیت کالا و یا تایید آن شود، اشخاص مشهور نیز می‌توانند با استناد به نهاد فوق اقامه دعوا کرده و جلوگیری از ادامه فعالیت و استفاده خوانده را خواسته و جبران خسارات وارده به خود را مطالبه کنند. در مقاله پیش‌رو تلاش شده تا نهاد یاد شده و دگردیسی آن در کامن‌لا بررسی شده و در نهایت رویکرد نظام حقوقی ایران در این باره مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility Study on Protecting the Reputation of Celebrities Under the Passing Off Doctrine

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Nazari 1
  • Abbas MirShekari 2
1 Master of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Private and Islamic Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the event that the identity signs of celebrities are used in advertising goods and services without their permission, legal systems have sought to provide solutions to protect these individuals. In the Common Law system, one traditional institution that has been utilized is the doctrine of passing off. According to this doctrine, no one has the right to introduce or offer their goods or services as those of another person, nor to use another's trademark in such a manner. While passing off in its traditional sense applies when a defendant presents their product as one produced by another, judicial proceedings have introduced a broader interpretation of this doctrine. Under this expanded concept, any situation in which consumers are deceived or misled regarding the origin of goods or their endorsement falls under the purview of passing off. Given this interpretation, the unauthorized use of a celebrity's identity signs may mislead consumers about the product's origin, quality, or endorsement. Consequently, celebrities can file lawsuits based on this doctrine to prevent the defendant's continued activities and seek compensation for any damages incurred. This article aims to examine the aforementioned doctrine and its evolution within Common Law, as well as to explore the approach of Iran's legal system in this context.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Passing Off
  • Celebrities
  • Exploitation
  • Character Merchandising
  • False Endorsement
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