نظارت قضایی بر ازدواج پیش از سن قانونی؛ ارزیابی رویکرد حقوق ایران و الجزایر در پرتو رویه قضایی و فقه اسلامی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه الهیات،دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، واحد گلستان، دانشگاه جامعه المصطفی، گرگان، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه الهیات، دانشکده‌ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران

چکیده

در حقوق ایران و الجزایر، هر ازدواج پیش از سن قانونی، موکول به اذن ولی و رعایت مصلحت کودک از سوی دادگاه است. در حقوق الجزایر، در صورت ضرورت نیز چنین نکاحی امکان پذیر است. در فقه اسلامی، اهلیت برای ازدواج متضمن رسیدن به سن بلوغ می باشد و ازدواج قبل از سن بلوغ از سوی ولی، وصی و حاکم، با رعایت مصلحت عالیه کودک مجاز دانسته شده است. چنین نکاحی صرفاً به اذن ولی وابسته است. مصلحت عالیه کودک نیز نسبی بوده و با توجه به جنس، سن، وضعیت روحی و جسمی وی باید مورد لحاظ قرار گیرد. برای تشخیص مصلحت عالیه کودک در چنین نکاحی، سه طریق  مشورت با والدین، کارشناسی و تحقیقات اجتماعی وجود دارد. مطابق قانون خانواده الجزایر، اذن به ازدواج بدون تاییدیه پزشکی ممنوع و دادرسان علاوه بر آن، از معیار مشورت با والدین نیز استفاده می­کنند. در خصوص وضعیت نکاح کودک با اذن ولی و بدون رعایت مصلحت احراز شده توسط دادگاه اختلاف‌نظر وجود دارد و غیرنافذ بودن آن در حقوق ایران و صحیح بودن آن در حقوق الجزایر، اقوی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

judicial supervision of early marriage appraisal of the approach of Iranian and Algerian law in the light of precedent and Islamic jurisprudence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saleh Yamrali 1
  • Firouz Mansoori 2
  • Ebrahim Javanmard Farkhani 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities and Sports Sciences, Gonbadkavos University, Gonbadkavos, Iran
2 PhD student in private law, Golestan Branch, Jamia Al-Mustafa University, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Theology Department, ,Faculty of Humanities. University of Gonbad Qavous, Gonbad Qavous, Iran
چکیده [English]

According to the legal system of Iran and Algeria, any marriage before the Marriageable age is subject to the permission of the parents of the child in compliance with the expediency of the child by the court. In Algerian law, such a marriage is possible subject to the child’s status of necessity. In Islamic jurisprudence, the eligibility for marriage is subject to the maturity age of the child (Marriageability age), and Marriage before this age for a child on behalf of the parents, executor, and the judge in the child's interest is allowed. such a marriage is subject only to the parent’s permission. The best interest of the child is a relative concept and must be evaluated according to the child’s gender, age, and mental and physical condition. We have three ways to determine the best interest of a child in such a marriage: consultation with parents, experts, and social research. According to the Algerian family law, permission to marry without a medical certificate is prohibited, and judges also use the criterion of consulting parents. There is a degree of disagreement in opinions regarding the status of child marriage with the permission of the parents and without determining the best interests of the child by the court, and its revocability in Iranian law and validity in Algerian law is preferred.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Marriage
  • child
  • expediency
  • Iran
  • Algeria
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