جبران نقض حق بردریافت حمایت کنسولی از طریق اعاده به وضعیت سابق

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

حق دریافت حمایت کنسولی و تضمین آن از جانب دولت میزبان، از مولفه های موثرسازی حق بر دادرسی عادلانه است. توسعه این حق در رویه نهادهای ناظر معاهده ای به عنوان حقی بشری، حمایت کنسولی را در تعامل با حقوق بشر، بویژه حق دادرسی عادلانه و حق حیات قرار داده است. سلب این حق از افراد در محاکم ملی و محکومیت و مجازات بر پایه محرومیت از آن ممکن است منتهی به نقض حقوق ماهوی از جمله حق حیات و حق رهایی از شکنجه شود. جستار حاضر با روشی تحلیلی-توصیفی، در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که رویکرد بشری به حمایت کنسولی چگونه بر اعاده به وضع سابق بعنوان جبران مناسب نقض حق بر دریافت حمایت کنسولی اثر میگذارد؟ بنظر میرسد با انکار رویکرد محض بشری به حق دریافت حمایت کنسولی، اعاده نسبی در قالب تجدیدنظر و بازبینی احکام و مجازاتهای صادره به شرط موثر بودن، جبرانی موثر و مناسب تلقی شود و تضمین کننده حقوق بشری اتباع بیگانه و تامین کننده منافع مشروع دولت میزبان باشد. در مقابل، رویکرد اعاده کامل به وضع سابق در قالب الغای احکام و مجازاتها بواسطه تمهید فرصت برای گریز از عدالت کیفری و انکار صلاحیت قضایی دولت میزبان، جبرانی مطلوب تلقی نمیشود. رویه قضایی بین المللی در کنار لزوم توقف عمل متخلفانه و تعهد به عدم تکرار، رهیافت اعاده نسبی  را به شرط موثر بودن برگزیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Reparation for violation of right to receive consular protection via Relative Restitution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Shahsavari 1
  • Amir Hossein Ranjbarian 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran , Babolsar, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The right to receive consular protection and its guarantee by the host state is an element of making the right to a fair trial effective. Its development in the practice of human rights treaty bodies as a human right has put consular protection in interaction with human rights, especially the right to fair trial and the right to life. Violation of this right and depriving individuals in national courts and, conviction and sentence based on consular deprivation may lead to the ineffectiveness of criminal proceedings and the violation of some substantive rights, such as the right to life and Freedom from torture. The present essay, with an analytical-descriptive method, seeks to answer the question of how the Humanistic approach affects restitution as an appropriate remedy for the violation of the right to receive consular protection. It seems that Relative restitution in the form of review and reconsideration of sentences and punishments, provided to effectiveness, is considered an effective and appropriate remedy and guarantees the human rights of foreign nationals and the legitimate interests of the host state. On the other hand, the approach of full restitution in the form of annulment of the issued sentences and punishments is not considered an appropriate remedy due to providing an opportunity to escape from criminal justice and denying the jurisdiction of the host state. International precedent, alongside Cessation and non-repetition, has chosen partial restitution, provided to its effectiveness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Restitution
  • consular protection
  • right to fair trial
  • reparation
  • right to life
  • effective review and reconsideration
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