وضعیت نظام حقوقی ایران در استفاده از فناوری سلول‌های بنیادین با مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق کشور فرانسه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه دامغان، دامغان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

3 کارشناس حقوق، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و حقوق، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

استفاده از فناوری سلول‌های بنیادین روشی نوین جهت بکارگیری برای کمک به حل مشکلات ناشی از بیماری‌ها و نارسایی‌های جسمانی و سهولت در امر پیوند اعضا و ترمیم بافت‌های آسیب دیده بوده است. این نوع سلول‌ها گاه از مغز استخوان فرد بالغ، گاه از بند ناف و در مواردی ازطریق جنین انسان به دست می‌آیند. گرچه فواید بهره‌گیری از این فناوری بسیار مهم و حائز اهمیت است، از آن جهت که موضوع مورد مطالعه‌ی آن که انسان زنده، اعضای او و یا جنین انسانی می‌باشد در بسیاری از موارد با ملاحظات اخلاقی مانند رعایت شأن و کرامت انسان و مسئله سقط جنین و همچنین ملاحظات حقوقی و فقهی از جمله رعایت حقوق جنین انسان بعنوان یک انسان کامل و مشروعیت استفاده از سلول‌های بنیادی جنینی روبرو می‌باشد، با این حال نظام حقوقی فعلی چندان به این موضوع نپرداخته و این مسئله موجب شده تا صرفاً بتوان از نظریات مختلف در جهت تعیین مشروعیت یا عدم مشروعیت بکارگیری این فناوری استفاده کرد. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی، بر آن است تا با تبیین ماهیت و کاربرد سلول‌های بنیادین و مشخص نمودن اهداف و اهمیت استفاده و بکارگیری آن، چالش‌های موجود در فرآیند اخذ این نوع سلول تا استفاده از آن را در نظر گرفته و وضعیت حقوقی استفاده از فناوری سلول‌های بنیادین را در دو کشور ایران و فرانسه مورد مقایسه قرار دهد. بر اساس مقایسه دو کشور ایران و کشور فرانسه در استفاده از فناوری سلول‌های بنیادین می‌توان گفت هر دو کشور ایران و فرانسه به ضرورت استفاده از این فناوری در علم پزشکی معتقدند، لکن ملاحظات اخلاقی مهم ترین عامل تعیین کننده محدوده استفاده از فناوری سلول‌های بنیادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The status of Iran's legal system in the use of stem cell technology with a comparative study in French law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Khanlari Bahnamiri 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Taghipour Darzi Naghibi 2
  • Maryam Mohammadpour 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 BSc of Law, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Law, Imam sadiq University , Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The use of stem cell technology has been a new method to help solve the problems caused by diseases and physical insufficiency and ease the matter of organ transplantation and the repair of damaged tissues. These types of cells are sometimes obtained from the bone marrow of an adult, sometimes from the umbilical cord, and sometimes from the human fetus. Although the benefits of using this technology are very important, because the subject of its study, which is a living human being, his organs or a human fetus, in many cases with ethical considerations such as respect for human dignity and the issue of abortion and Also, there are legal and jurisprudential considerations, including the observance of the rights of the human fetus as a complete human being and the legitimacy of using embryonic stem cells, however, the current legal system does not pay much attention to this issue and this issue has led to the fact that it is only possible to use different theories to determine Legitimacy or illegitimacy of using this technology. This research, using the library and documentation method, aims to explain the nature and application of stem cells and specify the goals and importance of its use and application, taking into account the challenges in the process of obtaining this type of cell until its use, and considering the situation To compare the legal use of stem cell technology in Iran and France. Based on the comparison between the two countries of Iran and France in the use of stem cell technology, it can be said that both Iran and France believe in the necessity of using this technology in medical science, but ethical considerations are the most important factor determining the scope of the use of stem cell technology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Embryonic stem cells
  • adult stem cells
  • umbilical cord blood
  • human fetus
  • French law
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