شاخص‌های کُنشگری پلیس در مدل آزادی‌محورِ سیاست جنایی (با نگاهی به حقوق ایران و اسناد بین‌المللی)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سیاست جنایی نظام‌های حقوقی بر مبنای مؤلفه‌های مرجع - آزادی، قدرت‌ و تسلّط تام - از یکدیگر تفکیک و مدل‌بندی شده‌اند. در مدل سیاست جناییِ آزادی‌محور مؤلفه مبنا، آزادی است و رویکرد اسناد بین‌المللی نیز ترویج این مؤلفه در سیاست جنایی کشورها می‌باشد. در این مدل، با توزیع قدرت میان اجزای نظام حکمرانی و برقراری نظارتِ متقابل، شاخص‌هایی برای پلیس تعریف می‌شود تا از رهگذر آن شاخص‌ها، هم پلیس بتواند به وظایف قانونی خود عمل نماید هم آزادی‌های مشروع شهروندان حفظ گردد. در مدل‌های آزادی‌محور با پیش‌بینی شاخص‌ها و سیاست‌گذاری مطلوب سعی می‌شود توازنی میان آزادی‌های مشروع متهم، منافع جامعه و انجام وظایفِ قانونی پلیس برقرار گردد. نظام‌های آزادی‌محور، شاخص‌هایی‌ برای کنشگری پلیس تعریف و شناسایی نموده‌اند. کنشگری مراجع قضایی و پلیسی در مدار قانون و بر اساس تجویز پیشین قانون، نظارت بر کنشگری پلیس، مداخله در امور شهروندان بنا به اصل ضرورت و آیین‌مداری کنشگری پلیس از جمله این شاخص‌هاست. با مطالعه اسناد بین‌المللی و قوانین اساسی و کیفری ایران می‌توان گفت الگوی مورد پذیرش در سیاست جنایی ایران، در مرحله کشف جرم و تحقیقات مقدماتی، مدل آزادی‌مدار است. این پژوهش با شیوه توصیفی – تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای در پی شناسایی و تبیین شاخص‌های فعالیت پلیس در مدل آزادی‌محور سیاست جنایی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Indicators of police activism in the freedom-based model of criminal policy (with a look at the law of Iran and international instruments)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rajab Goldoust Jouybari 1
  • Saeid Ghasemi Vanjani 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD in criminal law and criminology, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The criminal policy is separated and modeled based on the reference criteria - freedom, power, and total domination. Freedom is the basic criterion in the freedom-based criminal policy model. The approach of international instruments is to promote this criterion in the criminal policy of countries. In this model, with the distribution of power among the different components of the governance system and the establishment of mutual supervision, some indicators are defined for the police's ability to fulfill legal duties and observance of the legitimate freedoms of the citizens. In freedom-based models, by predicting some indicators, a balance is tried to be established between the legitimate freedoms of the accused, the interests of the society, and the performance of the legal duties of the police. The activity of the judicial authorities and police within the framework of law by prior authorization of law; the supervision of the police activism and the police intervention in the affairs of citizens based on the principle of necessity are some of the indicators that freedom-based systems have defined and identified for police activity. By studying the international instruments, the constitution, and criminal laws of Iran, it can be said that the model accepted in Iran's criminal policy, in the stage of crime detection and preliminary investigations, is the freedom-based model. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, has sought to identify and explain the indicators of police activism in the freedom-based model of criminal policy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • police activity
  • freedom-oriented
  • judicial supervision
  • International documents
  • rule of law

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 مرداد 1402

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