تاملی در مفهوم نسبیت تقصیر در قراردادها با مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق انگلستان و فرانسه

یزدانیان, علیرضا; احسانگر, نورا

doi:10.22080/lps.2023.25662.1534

تاملی در مفهوم نسبیت تقصیر در قراردادها با مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق انگلستان و فرانسه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

² دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22080/lps.2023.25662.1534

چکیده

اصل «اثر نسبی قرارداد» (Le principe de l'effet relatif du contrat) یا اصل «نسبیت قراردادها» (La relativité des conventions) اصلی معروف در حقوق تعهدات بوده که در همه نظام های حقوقی، اصلی شناخته شده است. بر مبنای این اصل، تعهدات قرارداد بر ذمه طرفین عقد بوده و منافع نیز متعلق به طرفین است و تعهدی برای اشخاص ثالث ایجاد نمی کند. همچنان که اشخاص ثالث نمی توانند انتظار سودی از قرارداد داشته باشند. اما اصل نسبیت تقصیر از حیث تاثیر نقض تعهد قراردادی بر حقوق اشخاص ثالث گویا اصلی خلاف این جهت است که این سوال قابل طرح است، اگر در قراردادی، تعهدات نقض شود و به شخص یا اشخاص ثالث خسارتی وارد آید، آیا این نقض پیمان از سوی طرفین قرارداد به عنوان یک تقصیر قابل استناد است؟ در حقوق فرانسه بحث نسبیت تقصیر قراردادی مطرح شده و در حقوق انگلستان بررسی برخی از آراء، نشان دهنده تمایل این نظام حقوقی به طرح این مساله است که در این مقاله با مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق ایران طرح می شود. به نظر می رسد تقصیر قراردادی، مفهومی نسبی دارد و به‌رغم اصل نسبیت قرارداد، این مزیت برای ثالث وجود دارد که به نقض تعهد قراردادی برای مطالبه خسارت استناد کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237566.1403.8.1.9.0

موضوعات

حقوق خصوصی

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Reflection on the Concept of Privity of Fault in Contracts with a Comparative Study in English and French law

نویسندگان [English]

Alireza Yazdanian ¹
Noora Ehsangar ²

¹ Associate Professor of private law at Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

² Ph.D. in private law, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The principle of "the effect of privity of contract " or the principle of "privity of contracts " is a well-known principle in the law of obligations, which is recognized as the principle in all Legal systems. Based on this principle, the obligations of the contract are liabilities of the parties of the contract, and the benefits belong to the parties, and it does not create obligations for third parties as third parties cannot expect profit from the contract. But the principle of the privity of fault in terms of the possibility of a third party citing the violation of the contractual obligation seems to be against the principle of privity of contracts, and this question can be raised If in a contract, obligations are violated and damage is caused to a third party or parties, can this violation of the contract by the parties of the contract be cited as a fault? In French law, the discussion of the privity of contractual fault is raised, and in English law, the examination of some opinions shows the tendency of this legal system to raise this issue, which is raised in this article with a comparative study of Iranian law. It seems that contractual fault has a relative concept and despite the principle of privity of contract, there is an advantage for the third party to rely on breach of contractual obligation to claim damages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Contract
Obligation
privity of fault
Third party
Liability

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