چارچوب خیار شرط در اعمال حقوقی: مطالعه تطبیقی در فقه امامیه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی رشته حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران

2 استادیار رشته حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.

3 استادیار رشته حقوق، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

چکیده

مبنا، شرایط اعمال و مدت خیار شرط در حقوق و فقه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. موضوعی که کمتر بدان پرداخته شده، گستره اعمال خیار مذکور می باشد و پرسش هایی راجع به امکان اعمال این خیار در ایقاعات و عقود جایز را مطرح می کند. در این پژوهش، با تحلیل مبنای خیار شرط اثبات می گردد که اصولا خیار شرط در تمامی عقود امکان پذیر است مگر این که مغایر با مقتضای آن باشد. این خیار منحصر به عقود لازم نیست و در ایقاعات هم به دلیل این که ایقاع اصولا نسبت به هر دو طرف موثر می باشد، می توان خیار شرط نمود. هم چنین علی رغم این که عقد جایز در هر زمان قابل فسخ است اما فسخ به استناد خیار شرط به علت مزیت و آثاری که دارد، جریان خیار شرط در عقود جایز را توجیه می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The framework of option in juristic acts: comparative study in Ja'fari jurisprudence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Moghimian Tabar Bishe 1
  • Abbas Arab Khazaeli 2
  • Mehdi Fallah Kharyeki 3
1 PhD Student in Private Law. Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Law, Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Law, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
چکیده [English]

In law and jurisprudence (fiq’h), the basis, conditions, and duration of the option have been examined. The less discussed matter is the scope of the said option, which raises questions on its plausibility about unilateral juristic acts (Iqa’) and revocable contracts. In this research, by analyzing the basis of the option, it is proved that in principle the said option is possible in all types of contracts unless it is contrary to the contract’s quiddity. This option is not limited to irrevocable Contracts. In unilateral juristic act (Iqa’), because it is effective for two sides of the act, it is possible to use the option. Also, even though a revocable contract can be terminated at any time, its termination based on the option, due to its advantages and effects, justifies the use of the option in revocable contracts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Right of termination
  • condition option
  • contracts
  • events
  • Unilateral of necessity

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 دی 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 اردیبهشت 1402

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