بازپژوهی تجزیه رهن در فقه امامیه و عامه و حقوق ایران باتکیه ‌بر ماده 19 قانون رفع موانع تولید رقابت‌پذیر و ارتقای نظام مالی کشور مصوب 1394

عاشوری, مهدی; امینی, مهدی; اکبری کیفته, سید روح الله

doi:10.22080/lps.2022.23358.1328

بازپژوهی تجزیه رهن در فقه امامیه و عامه و حقوق ایران باتکیه ‌بر ماده 19 قانون رفع موانع تولید رقابت‌پذیر و ارتقای نظام مالی کشور مصوب 1394

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

² کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

10.22080/lps.2022.23358.1328

چکیده

یکی از مباحث مهم در باب رهن تجزیه یا عدم تجزیه رهن در اثر سقوط بخشی از دین است. اگرچه قانون مدنی در ماده 783، تجزیه رهن را ممنوع ساخته، اما حکم این ماده در ظاهر فقط مربوط به مواردی است که راهن، مرتهن، عقد رهن و دین واحد باشند. در فقه امامیه و عامه در خصوص موارد تجزیه رهن اتفاق نظر وجود ندارد. در فقه عامه به اجماع ملاک تجزیه پذیری رهن را تعدد عقد رهن می دانند. لیکن در تطبیق حالت تعدد و عدم تعدد عقد رهن (معیار واحد یا متعدد بودن عقد رهن) بین آنان اختلاف وجود دارد و همین تفاوت معیار باعث اختلاف آنان در حکم موضوع می شود. در فقه امامیه برخلاف عامه چنین معیاری ارائه نشده ولی موارد تجزیه رهن مورد احصا و بررسی قرار گرفته است. لیکن حقوقدانان موارد مذکور را به تفصیل مورد بررسی قرار نداده اند. ماده 19 قانون رفع موانع تولید، در محدودۀ قلمرو خود (وام‌های پرداختی توسط شبکه بانکی به واحدهای تولیدی)، تجزیه رهن به نسبت پرداخت دین را پذیرفته و ماده 783 قانون مدنی را تخصیص زده است. در مواد 113 و 119 آیین نامه اجرای مفاد اسناد رسمی لازم الاجرا نیز در خصوص تعدد طاری راهنین تجزیه دین پذیرفته شده است. در این تحقیق ضمن بررسی اسباب ارادی و غیرارادی تجزیه رهن مزایا و معایب ماده 783 ق.م و نواقص قانون مدنی در باب تجزیه رهن آشکار خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237566.1401.6.1.9.6

موضوعات

فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Disintegration of Mortgage in Imami Jurisprudence and Iranian Law: A Study Based on Article 19 of 2014 Act on Elimination of Production Obstacles for Improving the Country's Financial System

نویسندگان [English]

Mehdi Ashouri ¹
Mehdi Amini ¹
Seyed Rouhollah Akbari Kifteh ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

² Master of Private Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

چکیده [English]

One of the important questions regarding the mortgage is the disintegration or non-disintegration of the mortgage due to the falling of a part of the debt. Although Article 783 of the Civil Code prohibits the disintegration of mortgages, the provisions of this article seem to apply only to cases where the mortgagor, the mortgagee, the mortgage contract and the debt are units. There is no consensus in Imami jurisprudence and case law regarding the cases of mortgage disintegration. In Imami jurisprudence, the criterion of mortgage degradability is the number of mortgage contracts. However, there is a difference between them in the application of the multiplicity and non-multiplicity condition of the mortgage contract (the criterion of a single or multiple mortgage contract) and this difference in criteria leads them to disagree on the subject. Contrary to Imami jurisprudence, such a criterion was not presented in the case law. However, cases of mortgage disintegration have been identified and studied. However, jurists have not examined these cases in detail. Article 19 of 2014 Act on Elimination of Production Obstacles, on its territory (loans paid by the banking network to production units), accepted the sharing of mortgages in proportion to the payment of the debt and limited Article 783 of the Civil Code. Articles 113 and 119 of the Regulations for the Execution of the Provisions of Enforceable Official Acts also admitted the next multiplicity of mortgagors. In this research, while examining the voluntary and involuntary causes of mortgage disintegration, the advantages and disadvantages of Article 783 of the Civil Code and the shortcomings of the Civil Law in mortgage disintegration are revealed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Mortgage disintegration
Mortgage multiplicity
Mortgagor
Mortgagee
Article 19 of 2014 Act on Elimination of Production Obstacles

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