مطالعه تطبیقی اجرای اسناد نهایی در طرق بر خطِ جایگزین حل اختلاف

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق علوم و سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

توسعه روزافزون تجارت الکترونیکی و دسترسی بیشتر به امکانات تکنولوژیکی باعث گردیده که حل وفصل اختلافات برخط، به یکی از مباحث مهم علم حقوق در عرصه جهانی مبدل گردد. یکی از جنبه‌های مهم هر روش حل اختلافی، نحوه اجرای نتیجۀ روش مذکور است و به طور سنتی اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف از طریق اجبار محکومٌ‌علیه به وسیله دادگا‌ه‌های ملی اجرا می‌شوند. امکان اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط از این طریق محل ابهام و تردید است زیرا تمام یا بخشی از روابط طرفین و مقام حل اختلاف در فضای برخط برقرار می‌شود و در بسیاری از موارد، مقررات بین‌المللی و ملی موجود، قواعدی در خصوص حمایت اجرایی از روش‌های برخط حل اختلاف وضع ننموده‌اند. به همین دلیل، فعالان حقوقی عرصه تجارت الکترونیکی، روش‌های نوینی را برای اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط پیش‌بینی نموده‌اند. با توجه به مراتب فوق، اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف بر خط در دو مبحث اصلی در این مقاله مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است: «اجرای اجباری اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط» و «اجرای اختیاری اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط». در نهایت پژوهش حاضر به این نتیجۀ نائل آمده است که اجرای اجباری اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط از طریق دخالت دادگاه‌های ملی، حتی در فرض وجود امکان قانونی، با اوصاف و مقتضیات روش‌های حل اختلاف مذکور تناسبی ندارد و استفاده از روش‌های اختیاری اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط در صورت وضع قواعد حمایتی لازم، می‌تواند با افزایش قابل توجه امکان اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط، بر اعتبار کلی روش‌های مذکور بیافزاید و اشخاص و فعالان تجاری را به استفاده از طرق حل اختلاف مذکور ترغیب کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of the Enforcement of Final Documents in Online Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • SeyedAlireza Rezaee 1
  • Reza Maboudi Neishabouri 2
  • Azam Ansari 2
  • Abdollah Khodabakhshi Shalamzari 2
1 Phd Student of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Private Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The increasing development of e-commerce and greater access to technological facilities have made online dispute resolution as one of the most important global legal topics. One of the most important aspects of any dispute resolution method is how the outcome of the dispute should be enforced, and traditionally the final dispute resolution documents are enforced by the national courts through the coercion of the loosing party. The possibility of enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods is questionable because all or part of the relationships between the parties and the dispute resolution authority is established online, and in many cases, current international and national regulations do not provide efficient rules for enforcement of said documents. For this reason, e-commerce legal activists have envisioned new ways to enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods. In this article, the enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods has been studied in two main topics: "Compulsory enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods" and "Voluntary enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods". Finally, the present study has concluded that the compulsory enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods through the intervention of national courts, even if there is a legal possibility, is not commensurate with the characteristics and requirements of online dispute resolution methods and the use of voluntary methods if the necessary related rules are established, can significant increase the overall validity of online dispute resolution methods by notably increasing the possibility of enforcement of final documents resulting from said methods and encourage parties and business activists to use these dispute resolution methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "
  • Online Dispute Resolution"
  • Online Arbitration"
  • Online Mediation"
  • New York Convention"
  • Smart Contracts"
  • "Trustmark"

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پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی
دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 9
فروردین 1401
صفحه 101-123

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 خرداد 1400

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