تحلیلی بر رویکردهای مبتنی بر حصری یا تمثیلی بودن ماده 2 قانون حمایت حقوق مؤلفان و مصنفان و هنرمندان مصوب 1348 با نگاهی اجمالی به کنوانسیون برن

نعمتی, احسان; پروین, محمدرضا; طالقان غفاری, مهدی

doi:10.22080/lps.2021.22125.1253

تحلیلی بر رویکردهای مبتنی بر حصری یا تمثیلی بودن ماده 2 قانون حمایت حقوق مؤلفان و مصنفان و هنرمندان مصوب 1348 با نگاهی اجمالی به کنوانسیون برن

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

² استادیار حقوق مالکیت فکری، بخش بیوتکنولوژی میکروبی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

³ دانشجوی مقطع دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

10.22080/lps.2021.22125.1253

چکیده

حمایت از آفرینش‌های فکری در قلمرو قوانین و مقررات، یکی از بنیادی‌ترین اهداف نظام‌های حقوقی در قرن حاضر بوده است؛ از این رو چه در سطح ملی و چه در سطح بین المللی قوانین و معاهدات متعددی در زمینه مالکیت ادبی هنری و مالکیت صنعتی تدوین و تنظیم شده‌اند و هر کدام مصادیق مختلفی را مورد حمایت قرار داده‌اند. در کشور ایران یکی از مهم‌ترین و در واقع نخستین قانونی که در شاخه مالکیت ادبی و هنری به تصویب رسیده است، قانون حمایت حقوق مولفان و مصنفان و هنرمندان مصوب 1348 می باشد که در ماده 2 قانون مذکور به مصادیق مورد حمایت این قانون اشاره شده است. علیرغم ماده 2 کنوانسیون بین المللی برن که تمثیلی بودن مصادیق مورد حمایت آن به طرق مختلفی قابل برداشت است، در ماده 2 قانون حمایت حقوق مؤلفان، مصنفان و هنرمندان که به نظر از ماده 2 کنوانسیون برن نیز الهام گرفته، شیوه بیان مصادیق به گونه‌ای می‌باشد که باعث ایجاد شک و تردید نسبت به تمثیلی یا حصری بودن مصادیق آن گردیده است. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از رویکرد توصیفی تحلیلی ضمن تبیین دیدگاه‌های متفاوت حقوقی و ارائه دلایل متعدد دیگر، این نتیجه حاصل می‌شود که علی‌رغم حمایتی بودن این قانون، شیوه تنظیم ماده 2 و سایر مواد مرتبط به این ماده به گونه‌ای می‌باشد که دیدگاه حصری بودن مصادیق مورد حمایت ماده 2 قانون حمایت حقوق مؤلفان و مصنفان و هنرمندان قوت گیرد اما به جهت آثار متفاوتی که هر کدام از دیدگاه های مذکور می‌توانند به همراه داشته باشند، پیشنهاد می‌گردد یک رویکرد میانه در این راستا انتخاب گردد؛ بدین شرح که اگر مصادیق نوظهور قابلیت انطباق با مصادیق مندرج در ماده 2 قانون مذکور را داشته باشد و بتوان میان آنها شباهتی برقرار نمود، از آن حمایت به عمل آید و در غیر اینصورت قانونی خاص تنظیم گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237566.1400.5.1.12.2

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of Exclusive or Allegorical Approaches to Article 2 of the Copyright Protection Act of 1969, with an Overview of the Berne Convention

نویسندگان [English]

Ehsan Nemati ¹
Mohammad Reza Parvin ²
Mehdi Taleghan Ghafari ³

¹ Graduate Student of Private Law at University of Mazandaran, babolsar, iran.

² Assistant Professor of IP, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

³ PhD Student in Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The protection of intellectual creations in the realm of laws and regulations has been one of the most fundamental goals of legal systems in the present century; Therefore, both at the national and international levels, several laws and treaties in the field of literary, artistic and industrial property have been formulated and regulated, and each of them has supported different examples. In Iran, one of the most important and in fact the first law that has been approved in the field of literary and artistic property is the Law on Protection of the Rights of Authors, Writers and Artists approved in 1969, which is mentioned in Article 2 of the law. . Despite Article 2 of the Berne Convention, which can be interpreted in an allegorical way in various ways, Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights of Authors, Writers and Artists, which seems to be inspired by Article 2 of the Berne Convention, is a form of expression. Which has caused doubts about the allegorical or exclusive nature of its examples. In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical approach, while explaining different legal perspectives and presenting various other reasons, it is concluded that despite the supportive nature of this law, the method of preparing Article 2 and other materials related to this article is such that the view is exclusive. Supported by Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights of Authors, Writers and Artists, but due to the different effects that each of the above views may have, it is suggested that a moderate approach be chosen in this regard; Thus, if the emerging instances are able to comply with the instances mentioned in Article 2 of the said law and a similarity can be established between them, it will be supported and otherwise a special law will be set.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

intellectual property
literary and artistic property
exclusive
allegorical
creator

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