Evolution of Counterclaim in Procedure and Jurisprudence The International Court of Justice

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

2 Master of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom , Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Since the first time, that is to say the codifying of the first Rules of the  Permanent Court of International Justice (hereinafter PCIJ) that the condition of counterclaims was included in 1922 up to now, the regulations as to these claims have been subjected to repeated amendments. Besides, the jurisprudence, through detecting existing lacunas regarding counterclaims, have could notably put this conception into change. According to the last version of the Rules of Court, admissibility of a counterclaim necessitates two conditions. First is the court’s jurisdiction, and the other is connection between the counterclaim the main claim. This article aims to investigate the evolutions emerged in this context in the light of Rules and jurisprudence of the PCIJ and International Court of Justice (hereinafter ICJ). Based on the last changes of the rules of court and giving the jurisprudence, it could be said that a counterclaim, in spite of being related to the main claim, is an independent claim which gives the respondent the opportunity and right to not only reject the plaintiff’s claim, but also introduce a new one.

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Main Subjects

References

  1. الف)کتب

    1. بدریان، فخر الدین: بررسی تطبیقی دعوای متقابل، نگاه بینه، تهران،1391.
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    3. میرعباسی، سیدباقر، سادات میدانی، سیدحسین: دادرسی­های بین المللی دیوان بین المللی دادگستری در تئوری و عمل،چاپ چهارم،جنگل،تهران،1392.

    ب)مقالات

    1. 4.       (نواری، علی): "رای دیوان بین المللی دادگستری در قضیه اختلاف بین آلمان و ایتالیا:موازنه بین حقوق بین الملل کلاسیک و مدرن"،جامعه بین المللی و حقوق بین الملل در قرن 21، به قلم گروهی از نویسندگان، به اهتمام دکتر سید قاسم زمانی،موسسه مطالعات و پژوهش­های حقوقی شهردانش،تهران، 1392،655تا 680.

    English

    A)Books

    1. Antonopolous.Constantine, counterclaims before international court of justice, T.M.C. Asser Press, Hague,(2011).
    2. Rosenne.Shabtai,Essays on international law and practice, Martinus nighoff publishers, Leiden, Boston,(2007).
    3. Interpretation, Revision and other Recourse from International Judgments and Awards, Nijhoff publishers, Leiden, Boston,(2007).
    4. ,Procedure in the International Court: A commentary on the 1928 rules of the international court of Justice, Martinus Nijhoff, Hague,(2006).
    5.  The Law and Practice of the International Court,(1920-2005),vol.3,Martinus Nighoff, Hague,(2006).

    B)Articles

    1. Lopes.Pegna,Counterclaims and Obligation Erga Omnes Before the International Court of Justice,EJIL,No.9,724-736,(1998).
    2. Murphy.Sean,Counterclaims at the International Court of Justice ,GW faculty publications,(2012).
    3. Rosenne.Shabtai,The International Court of Justice: Revision of Article 79 and 80 of the Rules of the Court, Leiden Journal of International Law,No.14,(2001).
    4. Tomuchat, Christian,The International Law of State Immunity and its Settlement by National Institutions, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 44 , 1105 – 1140,(2011).

    C)Instruments

    1. Acts and Documents Concerning the Organization of the Court, Preparation of the Rules of Court,No.2,ser.D,PCIJ,(1922).
    2. Acts and Documents Concerning the Organization of the Court, Ser. D, Forth Edition, April,(1940).
    3. Draft Prepared by the Secretarial,PCIJ,ser.D,No.2,(1922).
    4. PCIJ,Rules of the Court, Adopted by the Court,March24th,(1922).
    5. PCIJ,ser.D,No.2,Third addendum,(1936).

    D)Cases

    1. Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo,(2005).
    2. Asylum case,(1950).
    3. Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Counterclaim,(1997).
    4. Case Concerning Jurisdictional Immunities of the State,(2012).
    5. Case Concerning oil Platforms, Preliminary Objection,(1996).
    6. Case Concerning Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco,(1952).
    7. Case Concerning the Factory of Chorzow,(1928).
    8. Diversion Water From the Meuse,(1937).
    9. Land and Maritime Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria,(1999).
    10. Legal Status of Eastern Greenland,(1933).
    11. Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway,(1939).

     

Journal of Comparative Law
Volume 1, Issue 2
October 2015
Pages 87-114

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History

  • Receive Date: 09 May 2015
  • Revise Date: 15 June 2015
  • Accept Date: 26 July 2015

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