Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities and Sports Sciences, Gonbadkavos University, Gonbadkavos, Iran
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Balkh University, Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan
3
Assistant Professor, Theology Department, ,Faculty of Humanities. University of Gonbad Qavous, Gonbad Qavous, Iran.
Abstract
Regarding the condition of the obligation in case the property becomes the property of another person, the Iranian Civil Code has chosen a position of silence, but Articles 445 and 446 of the Egyptian Civil Code, as well as the judicial practice of this country, have considered such an obligation condition valid if the intention of the parties is clear. Iranian legal doctrine and judicial practice are diverse in this regard. Those who believe that the obligation condition is invalid cite the invalidity of the condition due to the invalidity of the contract, the contradiction of the condition with the essence of the contract, and the contradiction of the condition with mandatory laws. Those who believe that such a condition is valid cite the effects of the sale, the correctness of the guarantee of understanding, the independence of the guarantee of understanding condition, and the principle of the sovereignty of the will and the rule of action by the party against whom the condition is made. The findings of the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, indicate that in Iranian law, such a condition is considered valid, but it must be interpreted and analyzed by the judge according to the circumstances and circumstances, and the custom and agreement regarding the time of application of this condition must be taken into account. The possibility of adjusting the amount of the obligation if it is excessive or insignificant is not accepted in Iranian law, but in Egyptian law, according to the stipulation of Article 224 of the Civil Code, such adjustment is possible by the judge.
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