The legal and Normative Foundations of Revocation as a Juristic Act in Islamic Jurisprudence, Iranian Law, and Legal Doctrine

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student in Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

Abstract

An inductive survey of legal sources reveals the frequent use of the term in discussions of juristic acts. Although considerable doctrinal work addresses this concept and its associated legal effects, the nature of revocation—despite its varying manifestations and the resulting diversity of attributes and legal consequences—has often been described in absolute terms, either as a right or as a normative rule. This ambiguity arises from divergent interpretations in legal and jurisprudential literature concerning the concepts of rights and rules and the logical relationship between them. Consequently, the legal characterization of revocation in various contexts—such as the requirement for personal performance by the contracting party or declarant, and the possibility of waiver—remains open to critical examination. The findings of the present research, conducted through a descriptive–analytical method, demonstrate that revocation functions as a homonymous term whose legal nature varies across different contexts, assuming either a rights-based or a normative character. Unlike its rights-based form, revocation in its normative form is inherently personal and non-waivable. This relativity is justified by reference to the criterion of public order, which is essential for collective social life. Legal doctrine classifies rights based on their waivability and transferability into categories such claim-rights, liberty-rights, power- rights, and immunity-rights. immunity-rights. Within this framework, fundamental human rights are categorized as negative rights, considered non-transferable and non-waivable. In French civil law, the terms *rétractation* and *révocation* denote revocation. When the subject matter concerns public order or morality (*ordre public* and *bonnes mœurs*), the permissibility of the juristic act is governed by mandatory rules that limit the principle of party autonomy, rendering any waiver of the right of revocation invalid. Otherwise, permissibility is regarded as a private-law entitlement, confined to private relationships and capable of waiver.

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Journal of Comparative Law
Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 19
October 2025
Pages 87-107

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  • Receive Date: 23 October 2024
  • Accept Date: 21 November 2024

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