The implications of newly discovered evidence for arbitration proceedings under Iran’s arbitration law, the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985), and the ICC International Court of Arbitration

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Private Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Phd Student of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Evidence that was unavailable to the arbitrator due to concealment or deception may constitute newly discovered evidence capable of affecting the arbitral award. In certain national legal systems, international arbitration conventions, and procedural rules of arbitral institutions, the emergence of such evidence permits a review of the arbitral award by the arbitrator, thereby enhancing guarantees of justice and fairness while reducing judicial caseloads. However, most national laws, international arbitration conventions, and arbitral institutions deny arbitrators this authority. Overall, this research demonstrates that the review of arbitral awards may, in some cases, be conducted by courts and, in others, by arbitrators. In common law legal systems, unlike civil law legal systems, arbitrators may revise their awards after issuance upon discovering new evidence. Within arbitral institutions, the review of arbitral awards based on newly discovered evidence is generally permissible only when expressly authorized by the arbitration agreement. Under the current Iranian legal framework, newly discovered evidence can prompt courts to review arbitral awards. Although Article 33 of the Iranian International Commercial Arbitration Law seems to permit arbitrators to re-examine arbitral awards, existing ambiguities have led to inconsistent practices. In domestic arbitration, there is no explicit legal provision allowing arbitrators to revisit their decisions; nevertheless, this does not prevent courts from annulling an arbitral award based on newly discovered evidence.

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 December 2023
  • Revise Date: 27 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 05 July 2024

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