Concept of Modern Constitution and its Conceptual Requirements

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, despite the acceptance of the description of the republic for the system and the adoption of an important legal framework of the "Constitution", it seems that the requirements of this description and format have not been carefully and completely considered and elaborated. However, by diluting its concepts, it is thought that the necessary alignment can be easily created. A review of the Islamic Republic's forty years of experience shows that many challenges are the result of such an easy-going approach. In this article, we intend to show that the Constitution is not a neutral and flexible document at the disposal of the ruling power, and its basic and conceptual requirements must be understood and considered in the context of modern public law. Therefore, the Constitution is one of the fundamental concepts of modern public law and is therefore considered as the object or result of the "social contract", the indication of the primacy of freedom over power, and a document and text of the "present" that must be interpreted dynamically and up-to-date, taking into account public opinion. At the same time, it cannot be interpreted in a way that ignores or diminishes the basic principles of modern public law, such as the legality of crime and punishment, or the limitation of power and the incompetence of public authorities.

Keywords

Main Subjects


 
- Abbasi, Bijan (2018), Fundamentals of Constitutional Law, Jangal. (In persian)
Abbasi, Bijan, "Distinction between founding powers and established powers", Constitutional Law Journal, No. 3, 2013. (In persian)
-Aguila (y), Le Conseil constitutionnel et la philosophie du droit, L.G.D.J, 1999.
-Ajodani, Masha Allah (2015), Iranian Constitution, Akhtaran Publishing House. (In persian)
-Aristotle(1992), Politics, translated by Hamid Enayat, Islamic Revolution Publications and Education. (In persian)
-Barendt, Eric, An introduction to constitutional law, Oxford University Press, 1998.
-Chevallier, Jacques (1999), Rule of Law, translated by Hamidreza Malek-Mohammadi, Daddgostar Publishing House. (In persian)
-Daintith, Trence, Alan Page, The executive in the Constitution, Oxford University, 1999.
-Debbash, C, J-M, Pontier, J, Bourdon, J-C, Ricci, Droit constitutionnel et institutions politiques, Economica, 2001.
- Dizpicazo, Louise Maria, "The Transformation of the Concept of Law in the West", translated by Mohammad Reza Vijeh, Journal of Theology and Law, Vol. 23, 2016. (In persian)
- Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad, "The supervision of the Guardian Council is disciplinary, neither discretionary nor survey", Humanities Lecturer - Comparative Law Researches, no. 31, winter 2003. (In persian)
- Favoreu, Louis, P, Gaia, …,  Droit constitutionnel, Dalloz, 2004.
Favoreu, Louis ,…, Droit des libertés fondamentales, Dalloz, 2000.
Favoreu, Louis ,Thierry S. Renoux, Le contentieux constitutionnel des actes administratifs, Sirey, 1992.Press, 1999.
Favoreu, Louis , L, Philipp, …, Les grandes décisions du conseil constitutionnel, Dalloz, 2009.
-Gicquel, Jean, Droit constitutionnel et institutions politiques, Montchrestien, 1993.
-Hayek, Friedrich von (2013), Law, Legislation and Freedom, Volume, III, translated by Mahshid Moiri and Musa Ghannejad, World of Economics Publications. (In persian)
- Jaafari, Mohammad Hossein (2012), Principles Governing the Interpretation of the Constitution in Iran and America, Majd. (In persian)
-Katouzian, Nasser (1991), Civil Law, Preliminary Course (Legal Acts), Borna and Bahman Publishing Company,. (In persian)
-Keiwanfar, Shahram (2019), Philosophical Foundations of Law Interpretation, Enteshar Company. (In persian)
36-Kelly, A, W, Harbison, H, Belz, The American constitution, its origins and development, Norton-Company, 1990.
-Kelsen, Hans (2017), Pure Legal Theory, translated by Ismail Nematullahi, Samt Publications and Center for Research and Development of Human Sciences. (In persian)
-Lauvaux, Philippe, Les grandes démocraties contemporaines, PUF, 1998.
- Lock, John (2017), A treatise on government, translated by Hamid Azdanlou, Ney Publishing. (In persian)
- Loglin, Martin (2018), Basics of Public Law, translated by Mohammad Rasakh, Ney Publishing. (In persian)
- Loglin, Martin (2015), Basics of Public Law in the West, translated by Mohammad Moqtadar, Majd Publications. (In persian)
- Loscher, Francois (2000), Constitutional Justice, translation and research: Seyed moatba Vaezi, Javadane. (In persian)
- Mcllwain, Charles Howard, Constitutionalism: ancient and modern, Magi, 1975.
- Neuman, Frants (1994), Freedom and Power and Law, translated by Izatollah Fouladvand, Khwarazmi Publications. (In persian)
- Pane, Thomas, The rights of man, 1792.
- Péquignot, M, Théorie du contrat administratif, Thése, Montpellier, 1945.
- Qazi Shariat-Panahi, Abolfazl (1993), Constitutional Law and Political Institutions, first volume, Tehran University Publications. (In persian)
-Rossum, Ralph, G.Alan Tarr, American constitutional law, v.2, Thomson, 2007.
-Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2018), Social Contract, translated by Morteza Kalantarian, Age Publishing. (In persian)
-Rousseau, Dominique, Droit du contentieux constitutionnel, Montchrestien, 2001.
-Spiro, Herbert John, Constitution, www.britanica.com/article/134169. 2021.
-Sudre, Frederic, …, Les grands arrêts de la Cour Européenne des droits de l’homme, PUF, 2009.
- Tabatbayi, Seyed Javad (2018), Nation, State and Rule of Law, Minooye Kherad Publications. (In persian)
- Vaezi, Seyed moatba, "Comparative study of the foundations and function of constitutional justice models", Modares Journal of Humanities, Comparative Law Researches, 15th year, No. 2, 2013. (In persian)
-Vincent, Andrew (1997), Theories of the State, translated by Hossein Bashiriyeh, Nei publication. (In persian)
-Waldron, Jeremy (2017), Legislation; Concepts, theories and principles, translated by Hasan Vakilian, Negah Maazer. (In persian)
-Yavari, Asdollah (2016), Mehdi Moradi Berlian, Parham Mehraram, Principles and standards of judicial interpretation in public law, Judiciary Press and Publications Center. (In persian)
- Zarooni, Dariush, Gorji Azandraiani, Ali Akbar, Behdoyan, Behrouz, "Citability of the principles of the Constitution in the decisions of the courts", Public Law Research, 1401, No. 23-74. (In persian)
- Zoller, Elizabeth (2016), An introduction to public law, translated by Seyed mojatba Vaezi, Javadane. (In persian)
-Zoller, Elizabeth, Les grands arrêts de la cour suprême des Etats-Unis, Dalloz, 2010.